HATO的机械感度、热分解特性及爆轰性能

The Mechanical Sensitivity, Thermal Decomposition Characteristics,and Detonation Performance of HATO

为了研究5,5′-联四唑-1,1′-二氧二羟铵(HATO)的机械感度、热分解特性及爆轰性能,利用乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)为黏结剂、石蜡为钝感剂,采用捏合造粒工艺制备了包覆HATO;采用BAM撞击感度仪、BAM摩擦感度仪、差示扫描量热仪、同步热分析仪、恒温式爆热量热仪等对HATO及包覆HATO的机械感度(撞击感度、摩擦感度)、热分解特性及爆轰性能(爆热、爆压和爆速)进行了研究。结果表明,在机械感度方面,HATO包覆前后的临界撞击能量和临界摩擦力分别为5J、120N和6J、180N;热分解特性方面,包覆HATO的起始分解温度和峰值温度升高,分解热降低,活化能增大;说明利用EVA、石蜡包覆可降低HATO的机械感度,提高HATO的热分解温度及活化能,提升HATO的应用安全性;在爆轰性能方面,包覆HATO的爆热由4948kJ/kg降至4701kJ/kg,爆压由31GPa降至23GPa,爆速由9400m/s降至8785m/s。分析认为,EVA和石蜡密度较小,导致包覆后HATO的密度降低,爆轰性能下降。此外,HATO的爆轰产物主要是N2、H2O、NH3、NH2、N2O和NO等质量轻的小分子,而这可能也是HATO爆压偏低的原因。

To study the mechanical sensitivity,thermal decomposition characteristics,and detonation performance of 5,5′-tetrazol-1,1′-dihydroxyammonium(HATO),coated HATO was prepared by using ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA)as the binder and paraffin as the desensitizer.BAM fall hammer,BAM friction apparatus,differential scanning calorimeter,synchronous thermal analyzer,and constant temperature detonation calorimeter were used to study the mechanical sensitivity(impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity),thermal decomposition characteristics,and detonation performance(detonation heat,detonation pressure,and detonation velocity)of HATO and coated HATO.The results show that the critical impact energy and critical friction of HATO and coated HATO were 5 J,120 N,and 6 J,180 N,respectively.The initial decomposition temperature and peak temperature of coated HATO increased,and its decomposition heat decreased,while the activation energy increased.The results indicated that the applications of EVA and paraffin coating could reduce the mechanical sensitivity of HATO,and the coating process increased the thermal decomposition temperature and activation energy of the HATO and enhanced its application security.In addition,the detonation heat of coated HATO decreased from 4948 kJ/kg to 4701 kJ/kg after coating,and the detonation pressure decreased from 31 GPa to 23 GPa,and the detonation velocity decreased from 9400 m/s to 8785 m/s.The low density of EVA and paraffin led to a decrease in the density of coated HATO and the detonation performance of HATO also decreased.Furthermore,the detonation products of HATO were mainly light mass small molecules such as N 2,H 2 O,NH 3,NH 2,N 2 O,and NO,which may also cause the low detonation pressure of HATO.