海南省180例高血压候鸟人群的流行病学特征及影响血压的因素分析

Epidemiological characteristics and factors affecting blood pressure of migratory hypertensive population in Hainan Province:A study of 180 cases

目的了解海南省高血压候鸟人群的流行病学特征,为候鸟人群的健康管理提供依据。方法在海南省澄迈县红树湾社区中抽取180名在该社区居住时间3个月及以上的高血压候鸟人群作为研究对象。通过问卷与体格检查的方法收集研究对象性别、年龄、民族、职业、服药情况、有无高血压家族史、家乡居住环境、海南居住环境(居住地周围有无水域和绿地、水域和绿地的类型)、吸烟与饮酒情况以及身高和体质量等数据,调查研究对象的流行病学特征,并采用非条件二分类Logistic回归分析影响高血压候鸟人群在海南服药前后血压降低的因素。结果共纳入180例研究对象,其中男性77例(42.8%),女性103例(57.2%),年龄≤65岁78例(43.3%);在高血压分级中,血压正常高值87例(48.3%),一级高血压56例(31.1%),二级高血压37例(20.6%)。在海南期间血压下降的候鸟中,血压分级越高的人,占比越少。年龄、高血压分级、饮食习惯、居住环境、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、饮酒等与规律服用高血压药的研究对象在海南期间血压下降有关。饮食偏咸(OR=2.778,95%CI:1.070~7.213,P=0.036)、饮酒(OR=2.686,95%CI:1.042~6.925,P=0.041)是服药前舒张压降低的不利因素;超重(OR=3.487,95%CI:1.306~9.310,P=0.013)是影响服药后舒张压降低的不利因素。结论65岁以下、饮食清淡、不饮酒、BMI正常的候鸟人群血压降低较显著,环境因素、年龄、饮食习惯、生活方式等是影响血压的主要原因,可为海南高血压候鸟人群的健康管理提供参考依据。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the migratory bird population with hypertension in Hainan and to provide a basis for the health management of the migratory bird population.Methods One hundred and eighty migratory birds with hypertension who had lived in in the Mangrove Bay community of Chengmai,Hainan for 3 months or more were selected as the study population.Demographic data,including gender,age,ethnicity,occupation,medication use,family history of hypertension,hometown living environment,Hainan living environment(presence of water area and greenbelt around the residence,type of water area and greenbelt),smoking and alcohol consumption,and height and weight were collected by questionnaire and physical examination to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the study subjects,and unconditional dichotomous logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting the reduction of blood pressure among the hypertensive migratory bird population before and after taking medication in Hainan.Results A total of 180 study subjects were included,including 77(42.8%)males and 103(57.2%)females,with 78(43.3%)subjects aged≤65.The hypertension levels were:87(48.3%)had normal high blood pressure,56(31.1%)had grade 1 hypertension and 37(20.6%)had grade 2 hypertension.The higher the blood pressure classification,the lower the percentage of migratory individuals whose blood pressure dropped during their stay in Hainan.Age,hypertension classification,dietary habits,living environment,body mass index(BMI),and alcohol consumption were associated with a decrease in blood pressure during Hainan among the study participants who took hypertension medication regularly.Salty diet(OR=2.778,95%CI:1.070-7.213,P=0.036)and alcohol consumption(OR=2.686,95%CI:1.042-6.925,P=0.041)were unfavorable factors for lower diastolic blood pressure before taking medication;overweight(OR=3.487,95%CI:1.306-9.310,P=0.013)was an unfavorable factor in the reduction of diastolic blood pressure after taking medication.Conclusion The blood pressure reduction is more significant in migratory individuals in migratory individuals under 65 years old,with a light diet,no alcohol consumption and normal BMI.Environmental factors,age,dietary habits and lifestyle are the main causes of blood pressure,which can provide a reference basis for the health management of the migratory birds with hypertension in Hainan.