德国和日本长期护理保险制度改革进展及启示

Progress and enlightenment of long-term care insurance system reform in Germany and Japan

为应对全球老龄化带来的失能照护负担加重,各国家都依据国情建立了长期护理保险制度,其中德国和日本先后建立了社会化长期护理保险体系,并通过系列改革对制度不断完善,为其他国家长期护理保险改革提供了蓝本。本文对德国和日本在更新评估工具、完善分级标准、改良服务内容、提升制度公平性等方面的改革展开综述,以期为完善我国的长期护理保险制度提供参考。

To cope with the increasing burden of disability care brought about by global aging,various countries have established long-term care insurance systems based on their national conditions.Germany and Japan have successively established a socialized long-term care insurance system and continuously improved the system through a series of reforms,providing a blueprint for long-term care insurance reform in other countries.This article reviews the reforms in Germany and Japan in updating evaluation tools,improving grading standards and service content,and enhancing institutional fairness,so as to provide reference for perfecting China's long-term care insurance system.