低运量城市轨道交通建设的困境与对策

Challenges and Opportunities for Low-Volume Urban Rail Transit Construction

中国城市轨道交通在经历近30年的高速发展后,内地地区(不含港澳台)已有55个城市开通运营约10288 km的城轨线路,有效解决大多数大中型城市的公共交通拥堵问题。与此同时,轨道交通高运营成本投入和对城市经济带来的压力亦日渐突出。国家出台的相关政策显示,“十四五”时期,不再受理不具备条件的城市和一般地级市的首轮城市轨道交通建设规划报批申请,城市轨道交通建设呈收紧趋势。如何让有需要的城市合理选择低运量轨道系统的建设,巩固和加强城市轨网末端低运量轨道的接驳问题,让有经济能力的中小型城市能因地制宜、合理选型,用低运量轨道交通解决城市公共交通问题,成为业内热议话题。本文从轨道交通规划、设计的视角,通过分析解读低运量轨道交通的分类及建设指南等纲领性文件的内容,对低运量轨道系统发展现状面临的困境进行梳理,提出应对低运量轨道交通建设困境的5点建议,供业内共同探讨,旨在推进城市轨道交通的健康发展。

After nearly 30 years of rapid development of urban rail transit in China,approximately 10,288 kilometers of urban rail transit have been built in 55 cities in Chinese mainland(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan),effectively solving the problem of public transport congestion in most large and medium-sized cities.However,the high operating costs of rail transit and the consequent pressure on the urban economy are becoming increasingly prominent.Relevant policies have recently been issued by the state for the 14th Five-Year Plan period,and in the first round of urban rail transit planning and construction,applications from unqualified cities and general prefecture-level cities will no longer be accepted.As a result,the construction of urban rail transit projects is being tightened.Therefore,an important topic in the industry is how to induce cities in need of transit systems to reasonably adopt low-volume rail systems and consolidate and strengthen low-volume rail connections at the end of their urban rail networks.Furthermore,it is important to encourage small and medium-sized cities with economic capacity to adjust their measures to local conditions,reasonably select rail transit types,and use low-volume rail transit to solve urban public transport problems.From the perspective of planning and designing rail transit for the long term,the authors analyze the classification of low-volume rail transit and the content of programmatic documents such as construction guidelines,combined with their own experience in planning and designing low-volume rail transit projects.The authors examine the challenges for the development of low-volume railway systems and put forward five suggestions to deal with the difficulties faced when constructing these projects.The purpose of this paper is to promote the healthy development of urban rail transit.