虚拟团队中的社会助长及其眼动研究

Research on the Effect of Social Facilitation on Individual Behavioral Performance by Eye-movement Measurement in A Virtual Team

目的探究共同作业者存在对个体行为的影响机理,并分析任务难度的调节作用。方法通过记录不同难度任务下视觉搜索实验中的行为指标、主观指标和眼动参数,对共同作业者存在(物理存在或虚拟存在)下的个体行为差异进行探究。结果共同作业者对个体行为的影响受任务难度的调节,但在物理共同作业者和虚拟共同作业者之间没有显著差异。在容易任务下,共同作业者的存在会降低搜索时间,这是由于个体注视数减少,注视持续时间缩短,扫视幅度增加引起的。而在复杂任务下,共同作业者存在会增加搜索时间,这是由于个体需要通过增加注视数和注视时间,降低搜索幅度以弥补社会存在带来的注意力分散。此外,主观唤醒水平在单独和共同作业下无显著差异。结论本研究结果将为未来的虚拟团队和远程作业的工作组织提供理论依据。

Objective This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of co-worker presence on individual behavior,and to analyze the moderating effect of task difficulty.Methods This study was conducted by recording behavioral indicators,subjective indicators and eye-movement parameters in visual search experiments under various difficulty levels to investigate individual behavior changes in the presence(physical or virtual presence)of co-workers.Results The results showed that the influence of co-workers on individual behavior was moderated by task difficulty,but did not differ significantly for physical and virtual co-workers.In addition,eye-movement indicators were able to provide some explanation for individual behavior changes.In the easy task,the presence of co-workers decreased search time caused by the decrement in the number of gaze points,the shortening of gaze duration,and increment in glance scope.In contrast,search time increased in the complex task because individuals need to compensate for the distraction caused by social presence,by increasing the number of gaze points,the length of gaze duration,and decreasing the glance scope.In addition,there was no significant difference in mental arousal levels under different work conditions.Conclusion The findings might provide theoretical basis for the organization of future virtual teams and remote work.