养老机构常态化疫情防控体系:国际经验及其启示

Study on the Normalized Pandemic Prevention and Control System in Nursing Homes Enlightened from International Experiences

目的:通过分析并借鉴国际养老机构疫情防控经验,完善我国养老机构疫情防控体系。方法:在PubMed、Web of Science和Embase进行系统检索,使用质性元分析法通过规范化的文献选取和整合编码技术聚合多篇养老机构疫情防控研究的共性结论,对疫情防控体系形成系统性认识。结果:基于32个研究,系统分析了养老机构内外联动的疫情防控体系。内部防控体系包括高层管理者和医护人员组成的疫情防控组织体系、感染监控与临床护理等疫情防控运行体系、资源协调与员工培训等疫情防控保障体系。外部联动体系包括养老机构与流动多学科团队协作的线下联动体系、多主体的线上联动体系、基于网络平台的线下线上协同联动体系。结论:养老机构应从组织、运行、保障层面建立系统的内部疫情防控体系,同时立足多主体线下线上联动,建立外部联动体系。本研究丰富和深化理论上对养老机构疫情防控体系的认识,对于推动我国养老机构的疫情防控实践有现实意义。

Objective To improve the pandemic prevention and control system of nursing homes in China by analyzing and referring to experiences from international nursing homes.Methods PubMed,Web of Science,and Embase were systematically searched,and qualitative meta-analysis was conducted to aggregate common conclusions from multiple studies on pandemic prevention and control in nursing homes through standardized literature selection and integrated coding techniques,to form a systematic understanding of the pandemic prevention and control system.Results Based on 32 studies,the internal and external linkage system for pandemic prevention and control of nursing homes was analyzed.The internal prevention and control system includes an organization system composed of senior managers and medical workers of nursing homes,infection surveillance and clinical care and other pandemic prevention and control operation systems,resource coordination and staff training and other epidemic prevention and control guarantee systems.The external linkage system includes an offline linkage system of cooperation between nursing homes and multidisciplinary teams,multi-agent online linkage system,and offline online cooperation mechanism based on the network platform.Conclusion Nursing homes should establish a systematic internal prevention and control system at the organizational,operational and security levels,and establish an external linkage system based on multi-agent offline and online linkage.This study enriched and deepened the theoretical understanding of pandemic prevention and control system of nursing homes,which has practical significance for promoting the practice of pandemic prevention and control in nursing homes.