我国养老机构资源配置时空差异分析与优化策略--基于2014~2021的国家统计数据

Spatio-Temporal Difference Analysis and Optimization Strategy of Endowment Institution Resource Allocation Based on National Statistical Data from 2014 to 2021

目的:分析我国2014~2021年养老机构资源配置的时空差异,促进养老机构资源的合理配置。方法:采用熵值法评价养老机构资源配置的综合水平,采用泰尔指数测量养老机构资源配置的地区差异,采用探索性空间数据分析方法分析养老机构资源配置的空间分布趋势和集聚程度。结果:2014~2021年,我国养老机构各项资源中养老机构数、年末床位数、专业技术技能人员数、管理人员数年均增长率分别为2.75%、3.71%、11.49%及-0.60%,每千65岁及以上人均拥有量下降;资源综合供给水平较低,且泰尔指数值减小,区域内贡献率较高。养老机构资源的空间集聚性增加,高—高、低—低、低—高集聚区分别集中于长三角地区、新疆一带及四川。结论:我国养老机构资源空间集聚性增加,地区差异较大,建议政府在进行养老机构资源配置时考虑空间分布特征,进一步缩小区域资源配置差异,提高资源配置的科学性。

Objective To analyze the spatial and temporal difference of resources allocation in pension institutions from 2014 to 2021,and promote the rational allocation of resources in pension institutions.Methods The entropy method was used to evaluate the comprehensive level of resource allocation of pension institutions.Theil index was used to measure the regional differences of resource allocation of pension institutions.And the exploratory spatial data analysis method was used to analyze the spatial distribution trend and agglomeration degree of resource allocation of pension institutions.Results From 2014 to 2021,the annual average growth rate of the number of pension institutions,year-end sickbeds,professionals and administrative staffs was 2.75%,3.71%,11.49%and-0.60%,respectively.The per capita amount per thousand aged 65 and above decreased.The comprehensive supply level of resources was low,and its Theil index value decreased.The regional contribution rate was higher.The spatial agglomeration of endowment institution resources increased.The high-high agglomeration area,low-low agglomeration area and the low-high agglomeration area was concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta,Xinjiang and Sichuan,respectively.Conclusion The spatial agglomeration of resources in Chinese pension institutions is increasing,and its regional differences are great.It is suggested that the government should consider the spatial distribution characteristics in allocating resources in pension institutions,further reduce the regional resource allocation differences,and improve the scientific allocation of resources.