非血缘脐血移植后肠道急性移植物抗宿主病的特点分析

Characteristics of acute graft-versus-host disease of the intestine after unrelated cord blood transplantation

背景:尽管非血缘脐血移植有望成为治愈恶性血液病的重要方法,但移植后肠道急性移植物抗宿主病方面的表现及临床特点仍然需要深入研究。目的:分析非血缘脐血移植后发生肠道急性移植物抗宿主病的临床特点。方法:2016年12月至2020年12月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院血液科造血干细胞移植亚专科668例恶性血液病患者接受非血缘脐血移植治疗,其中138例发生肠道急性移植物抗宿主病,男性76例,女性62例,移植时中位年龄13(1-62)岁。所有患者采取清髓性不含抗人胸腺细胞球蛋白方案进行预处理,以及采用环孢素A联合霉酚酸酯预防移植物抗宿主病。结果与结论:①非血缘脐血移植后肠道急性移植物抗宿主病患者均出现不同程度的腹泻,粪便为黄绿色以及黄褐色水样便或者黏液便,其中53例(38.4%)患者出现血便,82例(57.9%)患者伴有皮肤受累,18例(13.0%)患者继发肠道细菌感染,90例(65.2%)患者合并巨细胞病毒血症;②进一步比较1-2级肠道急性移植物抗宿主病(70例,50.7%)与3-4级肠道急性移植物抗宿主病(68例,49.3%)患者的临床特点,发现3-4级肠道急性移植物抗宿主病患者年龄大于1-2级肠道急性移植物抗宿主病患者(P<0.001),更易合并巨细胞病毒血症(P=0.035),腹泻持续时间更长(P=0.00),住院时间也明显增加(P<0.001),而两组患者在性别、移植前疾病状态、供受者HLA匹配度、疾病诊断、合并皮肤急性移植物抗宿主病、继发肠道感染率等方面无显著差异;③结果表明:非血缘脐血移植后肠道急性移植物抗宿主病的临床特点比较复杂,严重影响患者的预后和生活质量,需要及早识别,精准治疗。

BACKGROUND:Despite unrelated cord blood transplantation is expected to become an important method for treating malignant hematological diseases,the manifestation and clinical characteristics of acute graft-versus-host disease in the gastrointestinal tract still require further in-depth investigation.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical characteristics of intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease after unrelated cord blood transplantation.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 668 malignant hematological disease patients after unrelated cord blood transplantation who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation subspecialty in the Department of Hematology,First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from December 2016 to December 2020.Among them,clinical data of 138 patients with intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease were analyzed,including 76 males and 62 females,with a median age of 13(1-62)years.All patients were treated with a myeloablative regimen(without antihuman thymocyte globulin)and cyclosporin A combined with mycophenolate mofetil to prevent graft-versus-host disease.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The patients with intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease had diarrhea of varying degrees,most of which were yellow-green,yellow-brown watery stools or mucous stools.53 patients(38.4%)had blood stools,82 patients(57.9%)had skin involvement,18 patients(13.0%)had a secondary intestinal bacterial infection,and 90 patients(65.2%)had cytomegaloviremia.(2)The clinical characteristics of patients(70 cases,50.7%)with grade 1-2 intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease were compared with those(68 cases,49.3%)with grade 3-4 intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease.It was found that the age of grade 3-4 intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease patients was higher than that of grade 1-2 intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease patients(P<0.001),and they were complicated with cytomegaloviremia probably(P=0.035).Diarrhea lasted longer(P=0.00)and the length of hospital stay increased substantially(P<0.001).However,there were no significant differences in recipient gender,pre-transplant disease status,HLA matching,diagnosis,combined skin graft-versus-host disease,and secondary intestinal infection rate in patients of the two groups.(3)These findings conclude that the clinical characteristics of intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease after unrelated cord blood transplantation are complex,which affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients seriously and requires early identification and precise treatment.