老年人数字健康素养研究进展

Research progress on digital health literacy among older adults

近年来,数字技术飞速发展并不断应用于老年人就医、养老、健康管理等领域,提升了健康养老产品的智慧化水平,改变了老年人获取和分享健康知识的方式,同时也要求老年人有更高水平的数字健康素养以适应社会、促进健康。所以,如何让老年人适应健康服务的数字化改革、激发老年人利用数字设备进行健康管理的热情、提升老年人数字健康素养成了迫在眉睫的问题。数字健康素养(digital health literacy,DHL)是健康素养概念的分支,指的是个人在运用数字技术和数字信息的背景下,个体获得、处理、交流和理解健康信息和服务,通过有效的健康决策促进和改善个人和集体健康的能力。本文通过综述国内外关于老年人数字健康素养的研究,以期为提升老年人数字健康素养、缩小数字鸿沟、促进健康公平提供参考。研究发现:影响老年人DHL的因素可分为社会人口学因素、数字设备相关因素等;现有在老年人群中应用过的评估老年人DHL的工具有数字健康素养量表、数字健康素养评估工具等;对于老年人而言,DHL可对其生命质量、认知健康等方面产生影响;现有干预方法主要有传统课堂、基于混合教学和互动技术的培训等。总体而言,老年人数字健康素养相关研究仍处于起步阶段,特别是在评估工具和干预方法方面,需要更进一步发展。

In recent years,digital technology has developed rapidly and continues to be applied in medical treatment,retirement,health management,and other fields.While the quality of health care products and services has improved,the way older adults acquire and share health knowledge is also changing and a higher level of digital health literacy is required for older adults to adapt to society and promote health.Therefore,it has become an urgent issue to enable older adults to adapt to the digital reform of health services,to motivate them to use digital devices for health management,and to improve their digital health literacy.Digital health literacy(DHL)is an extended concept of health literacy,which refers to the ability of individuals to acquire,process,communicate,and understand health information and services,make effective health decisions,and promote and improve individual and collective health in the context of using digital information and technologies.By reviewing domestic and international studies on DHL in older adults,this paper aims to provide evidence for improving DHL,bridging the digital divide,and promoting health equity in older adults.The findings revealed that factors influencing DHL in older adults could be classified into socio-demographic factors,digital device-related factors,etc.Existing tools to assess DHL in older adults include the Digital Health Literacy Scale,Digital Health Literacy Assessment,etc.For older adults,DHL can affect their quality of life,cognitive health,etc.Existing intervention methods mainly include traditional classroom-based,based on blended learning and interactive technology-based training,etc.In general,research on digital health literacy in older adults is still in its infancy.Further development is warranted,especially with regard to assessment tools and intervention methods.