乡村青年如何逆袭为时代弄潮儿?——试论徐特立与近代湖南教育转型

From a Rural Young Mam to an Educator:Xu Teli and the Transformation of Education in Modern Hunan

近代以来,中国教育转型呈现各地域分步推进的特点,地理上先沿海后内地,行政上先总督驻地后巡抚驻地。作为传统文教大省,近代湖南教育转型在维新变法之前进展缓慢,既不如沿海江浙地区,亦较湖北广东逊色。维新变法期间,湖南风气大开,新式学堂异军突起,为新一代湖南青年的成长创造了条件。民国初年,湖南教育转型加速,湖南青年崭露头角。徐特立早年读私塾、当塾师,是一个普通的乡村青年,维新期间开始接触现代西方科学知识,并在新政兴学期间投考师范,结业后办了两所小学,成为近代湖南教育转型的推动者之一。辛亥革命后,徐特立有感于发展新教育关键在培养师资,于是致力于师范教育,先后创办了两所师范学校,并在湖南高师、一师等校任教,成为教育界的“长沙王”。徐特立为湖南教育转型和湖南青年成长做出了卓越的贡献,他对教育事业的忠诚与坚守、奉献与追求,充分体现了近代湖南教育家群体的精神特质。

Since modern times,the transformation of education in China has shown a characteristic of gradual progress in various regions,with the coastal areas being first followed by the inland regions in geography.As a province with the tradition of culture and education,transformation of education in modern Hunan made slow progress before the reform,which was not as good as the coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang,and also inferior to Hubei and Guangdong.During the reform period,modern education in Hunan emerged,creating conditions for the growth of the new generation of Hunan youth.In the early years of the Republic of China,the transformation of education in Hunan accelerated,and young people in Hunan emerged.In his early years,Xu Teli studied in private schools and became a teacher of private schools.During the reform period,he began to contact with modern subject knowledge.He joined the normal school during the New Deal period.After graduation,he set up two primary schools,which became one of the promoters of the transformation of modern Hunan education.After the Revolution of 1911,Xu Teli felt that the key to the development of new education was to train teachers and devote himself to teacher education.He has established two normal schools and has taught in Hunan Normal College,Hunan First Normal School and other schools.Xu Teli has made outstanding contributions to the development of Hunan education and the growth of Hunan youth.His loyalty and persistence,dedication and pursuit for education fully reflect the spiritual characteristics of modern Hunan educators.