外源节律性脑刺激技术在精神神经类疾病治疗中的应用

Application of Exogenous Rhythmic Neuromodulation Techniques for The Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases

神经振荡是中枢神经系统中一种节律性神经活动模式,研究发现精神神经类疾病患者存在神经振荡异常。外源节律性刺激能够通过“夹带”效应以及可塑性变化机制有效调节异常的神经振荡,具有治疗精神神经类疾病的潜在可能性。目前,外源节律性脑刺激技术主要包括经颅交流电刺激、经颅时间相干刺激、节律性感觉刺激等方式。本文从外源节律性脑刺激技术原理以及目前不同技术在临床上治疗精神神经类疾病的刺激策略、研究进展以及治疗效果等角度展开综述,提出这一类调控技术可能成为未来临床治疗精神神经疾病症状的无创高效新型治疗方案,并对其未来的发展方向进行展望。

Neural oscillation is a rhythmic pattern of neural activity in the central nervous system,which has been found to be closely related to abnormal neural oscillations in psychoneurological disorders.Exogenous rhythmic stimulation can effectively modulate abnormal neural oscillations through entrainment and neuroplasticity,which has the potential to treat psychoneurological disorders.Currently,the main exogenous rhythmic brain stimulation techniques include transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS),temporal interference(TI)stimulation and rhythmic sensory stimulation.We describe the effects of tACS and TI from the perspective of different frequency bands,and rhythmic sensory stimulation from the perspective of visual,acoustic,and synergistic stimulation patterns.This paper reviews the principles of exogenous rhythmic brain stimulation techniques,as well as the current intervention strategies and the progress of treatment effects of different techniques in the clinical treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.The use of rhythmic stimulation for the treatment of clinical symptoms in patients with psychoneurological disorders is still in the exploratory stage and needs to be validated in larger samples for safety and long-term efficacy.Simultaneously,further studies that explore the exact mechanisms of such techniques are essential to optimize the design of the rhythmic modulation strategies so as to gain stronger positive effects.Additionally,clinical trials that analyze the effects of synergistic treatment with drugs and the design of portable home devices will be beneficial for patients.