感觉刺激在阿尔茨海默病干预中的应用

The Application of Sensory Stimulation in The Intervention of Alzheimer’s Disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种神经退行性疾病。药物治疗是目前AD治疗的主要策略,但仅起到延缓或减轻作用。本文旨在综述各种感觉刺激和多感官刺激对AD的影响,并解释可能的机制,为进一步研究提供新思路。对光刺激疗法、气味刺激疗法、声音刺激疗法、节律性刺激、多感官刺激进行了系统分析,结果显示,这些感觉和多感官刺激可以有效改善AD的病理状态,唤起记忆,改善认知和行为。

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease,and drug therapy is currently the main strategy for AD treatment,but it only has a delaying or alleviating effect.This article aims to review the effects of various sensory stimulation and multisensory stimulation on AD,and explain possible mechanisms to provide new ideas for further research.The results show that light stimulation therapy mainly improves the sleep-wake cycle of AD patients,thereby improving their agitation and restlessness.However,some studies have shown only statistical improvement without significant clinical implications.This may be due to different stages of AD in the subjects studied.Light therapy has a more significant effect on early-stage AD patients,so light therapy can be used to improve their sleep and mood.However,light therapy may also exacerbate circadian rhythm disturbances in AD patients,and its effectiveness is influenced by seasonality,with daytime light intensity affecting its efficacy.Olfactory stimulation therapy is a safe and effective treatment for AD,mainly used to improve memory in AD patients.This is mainly because olfactory stimulation can stimulate neurons between the olfactory bulb and the limbic system,and activate the amygdala-hippocampus complex,olfactory cortex,and temporal lobe,which are physiologically related to memory,thereby improving memory in AD patients.Olfactory stimulation therapy is particularly suitable for severe AD patients,and each AD patient may have a different response to olfactory stimulation,so personalized treatment based on patient preferences and tolerability is needed.Sound stimulation therapy mainly involves music stimulation,which has positive effects on AD patients.It may improve music memory,promote brain plasticity,and improve patients’mood and cognitive function by regulating the release of chemicals.Music stimulation therapy can improve cognition and mood in patients with AD,and different types of music can have different effects on AD treatment.Therefore,targeted treatment using different music can be adopted in music therapy for AD,and it can be observed that the longer the duration of music therapy,the longer the duration of its effects.Therefore,music therapy can be integrated into the daily lives of AD patients to achieve long-lasting effects.Rhythm stimulation can improve anxiety levels and enhance cognitive abilities in mild to moderate AD patients.Multisensory stimulation mainly includes the design of multisensory activity rooms such as Snoezelen and therapeutic gardens,as well as dynamic and interactive virtual environments created by virtual reality(VR)technology,which integrate the therapeutic effects of single sensory stimulation.However,when using multisensory stimulation,factors such as practical application scenarios and duration need to be carefully considered.