中小学教师工作强度调查

An Investigation into the Work Intensity of Schoolteachers

教师工作强度作为教师专业生活的场域特征要素之一,客观体现并塑造教师的专业精神。适度的工作强度既是促进教师专业发展的必要条件,也是对教师专业职责的基本要求。过高的工作强度则会阻碍教师的专业发展,乃至对教师身心健康带来负面影响。基于31个省市48 874名中小学教师的调查发现,我国中小学教师工作强度总体水平偏高,各内容维度存在差异,随职业发展阶段呈“倒U”型变化趋势。面临的挑战表现为:工作结构“教学与非教学”专业性倒置,教学性工作投入相对较低;工作内容隐性投入高,绩效考核存在主观盲区;工作要求与资源供给不匹配,中青年教师普遍身心透支;工作价值工具性倾向明显,亚健康症状被常态化忽视;工作边界被无限扩张,教师专业角色日益泛化。以专业标准规约工作强度,以学校文化解困工作强度,以自我调节纾解工作强度,以舆论引导调控工作强度,是有效进行教师工作强度调适的基本策略。

As one of the characteristic elements of teachers'professional life,teachers'work intensity objectively reflects and shapes their professional spirit.Moderate work intensity is a necessary condition for the promotion of teachers professional development,and a basic requirement for their professional duties.However,excessive work intensity can hinder their professional development,and can even have a negative effect on their physical and mental health.This study,based on a survey of 48,874 schoolteachers from 31 provinces and municipalities in China,finds that on the whole the schoolteachers showed high work intensity,which had differences in specific dimensions,and indicated an"inverted U-shaped"trend in the stages of their career development.The schoolteachers faced the following challenges:They got their professional work inverted by being made to spend more time in non-teaching work than in teaching work;they spent much time on implicit work,and their schools ignored their subjective and implicit work in the evaluation of their work performance;their schools'demand for their work failed to match the supply of resources,and the young and middle-aged teachers faced physical and mental overload;their work tended to be instrumental,and their sub-health symptoms were ignored"regularly";and their work boundaries were expanded indefinitely,and their professional role was increasingly extensive.To adjust teachers'work intensity effectively,we need to take basic strategies,such as regulating their work intensity by using professional standards,helping them overcome their difficulties in their work through school culture,letting them reduce their work intensity through self-adjustment,and adjusting their work intensity by guiding public opinion.