沉钒工艺现状和研究进展

CURRENT STATUS AND RESEARCH PROGRESS OF VANADIUM PRECIPITATION PROCESS

钒作为战略金属在众多领域中扮演着关键角色,而且随着钒氧化还原液流电池商业化应用的增多,各领域对钒的需求量将会进一步增加。焙烧-浸出-除杂-沉钒是从含钒资源中提取钒的最成熟技术之一。其中,从溶液中沉淀出钒是提钒的重要步骤,与钒的回收率和产品质量密切相关。本文首先综述了目前存在的较为成熟的传统沉钒工艺,主要包括水解沉钒、铵盐沉钒、铁盐沉钒和钙盐沉钒,并对其沉钒机理、适用场景和优缺点进行初步分析。其中,酸性铵盐沉钒虽然因其生产周期较短、铵耗量小、五氧化二钒产品纯度高等优点被大规模用于工业生产中,但该方法在生产过程中不可避免地会产生大量难处理的氨氮废水,制约了钒生产企业的进一步发展。因此,提出了一些减少铵盐消耗的新型沉钒方法,主要包括微波强化沉钒、以低价氧化钒的形式沉钒、氨基化合物沉钒等,以期为实现少铵甚至无铵沉钒提供研究思路和方向。

Vanadium as a strategic metal plays a key role in many fields,and with the increase of commercial applications of vanadium redox flow batteries,the demand for vanadium in various fields will further increase.Roasting-leaching-impurity removal-vanadium precipitation is one of the most mature technologies for extracting vanadium from vanadium-containing resources.Among them,the precipitation of vanadium from solution is an important step in vanadium extraction,which is closely related to the recovery rate and product quality of vanadium.In this paper,the relatively mature traditional vanadium precipitation processes currently exist,including hydrolyzed vanadium precipitation,ammonium salt vanadium precipitation,iron salt vanadium precipitation and calcium salt vanadium precipitation,and a preliminary analysis of its vanadium precipitation mechanism,application scenarios,advantages and disadvantages.Among them,although acid ammonium salt precipitation vanadium is used in industrial production on a large scale because of its short production cycle,small ammonium consumption and high purity of vanadium pentoxide products,this method will inevitably produce a large amount of difficult-to-treat ammonia nitrogen wastewater in the production process,which restricts the further development of vanadium production enterprises.Therefore,this paper summarizes some new vanadium precipitation methods to reduce ammonium salt consumption,mainly including microwave-enhanced vanadium precipitation,vanadium precipitation in the form of low-cost vanadium oxide,and vanadium precipitation of amino compounds.To provide research ideas and directions for the realization of ammonium-less or even ammonium-free vanadium.