基于科学的产业:一种新的量化甄别范式

Science-based industries:A new paradigm for quantitative screening

加快发展基于科学的产业,培育基于科学理论突破所形成的新兴产业及未来产业,是打好关键核心技术攻坚战、向高质量发展转型的关键,亟需进行明确的产业界定和甄别,深入探究产业的创新规律。然而学界对“基于科学的产业”研究深度不足,现有“产业—科学关联度指数”的单一甄别方式存在诸多局限性,本研究尝试引入多个维度,拓展基于科学的产业量化甄别方法,并构建了一套“四级倾向度”的产业量化甄别范式,为后续产业研究提供理论依据,具备一定的理论贡献。更进一步的研究发现,“基于科学的产业”倾向于拥有较高的产业—科学主体融合度,公共机构是重要的创新来源;拥有较短的产业—科学时间间隔度,基础科学到技术的转化速度更快,知识吸收能力更强;拥有较高的产业—科学主体转化度,科学家兼顾基础科学研究与知识转化应用,同时拥有科学成果与专利产出,研究结论能够为我国发展“基于科学的产业”提供管理启示。

Accelerating the development of science-based industries and cultivating emerging industries and future industries based on breakthroughs in scientific theories are the key to fight the battle of core technologies and transform to high-quality development.It is urgent to clearly define and screen industries and deeply explore the innovation law of industries.However,the academic research on"science based industry"is not deep enough,and the existing screening method of"industry science correlation index"has many limita⁃tions.Therefore,it is very necessary to expand the index dimension of quantitative screening of science-based industries.This study expanded the quantitative screening dimension of science-based industries on the basis of"industry science correlation index".On the basis of theoretical research,we introduced several indicators,and determined the rationality of the selected indicators through the analysis of the differences between the two typical industries(science-based industry and technology-based industry),and finally formed a quantitative screening paradigm of science-based industry.According to the existing research of scholars,we selected five sub industries from the typical"science-based industry"and"technology-based industry".From the Incopat patent database,we have obtained 29521 patents from 10 sub industries in the past five years,and carried out a detailed calculation of the data to explore the differences in indicators between the two types of industries.Finally,we determined three indicators,i.e."ISPI(Industry Science Participation Index)","ISTI(Industry Science Time inter⁃val Index)"and"ISSI(Industry Science Scientist Participation Index)",and in these indicator dimensions,there are significant differences between"science-based industry"and"technology-based industry".The results shows that"science based industry"tends to have a high degree of integration of industry and science subjects,and public institutions are important sources of innovation;It has a short time interval between industry and science,the transformation from basic science to technology patent is faster,and the a⁃bility to absorb knowledge is stronger;"Science based industry"tends to have a high degree of industry science subject transformation,scientists possess both scientific achievements and patent outputs.On this foundation,we expanded the quantitative screening method of science-based industry,and constructed a set of"four-level tendency"industrial quantitative discrimination paradigm,which provided a theoretical basis for subsequent industry research and had certain theoretical contributions.This study can provide theoretical reference for subsequent scholars to study on"science-based industry",and simplify data op⁃eration to a certain extent,so as to avoid the lack of rigor of the research conclusion due to the deviation of industry definition.There⁃fore,it has certain theoretical contributions.Meanwhile,the research conclusions can provide management enlightenment for the devel⁃opment of"science-based industry"in China.