新能源汽车产学研创新网络演化及邻近性机理

Evolution and proximity mechanism of new energy vehicle industry-university-research innovation network

“双碳”目标的提出,推动了新能源汽车产业步入发展的快车道。然而,在动力电池、车用芯片等关键技术领域仍然受制于人。如何深化产学研合作,加快突破关键核心技术研发已经成为重点关注的问题。本文以新能源汽车合作专利数据为研究对象,运用社会网络分析和QAP方法,探讨了多维邻近性在不同时期对产学研创新合作的影响。研究表明,邻近性是产学研合作关系的重要影响因素,在新能源汽车产业发展的不同时期,影响产学研合作的邻近性因素有所差异。其中,地理邻近、认知邻近对产学研合作的影响较小,社会邻近、组织邻近、制度邻近对产学研创新网络具有持续的正向促进作用。本研究丰富了产学研创新网络的理论研究,从邻近性视角为新能源汽车产学研的深度融合提供了借鉴。

New energy vehicles are the key areas that many countries focus on to achieve sustainable development.The proposal of the"double carbon"goal has pushed the new energy vehicle industry into the fast lane of development.However,in the key technology fields such as power batteries and automotive chips,they are still constrained by others.How to deepen industry-university-research cooperation and speed up the research and development of key core technologies has become a major concern.Based on the global pa⁃tent database of Patsnap,this paper takes the data of domestic new energy vehicle cooperative patents from 2001 to 2019 as the research object.Using the social network analysis and QAP method,this paper discusses the impact of geographical proximity,cognitive proxim⁃ity,social proximity,organizational proximity and institutional proximity on the innovation cooperation of new energy vehicle Industry-university-research institute in different periods.With the increase of the number of innovation subjects and connections,the innovation network density shows a significant down⁃ward trend.The proportion of enterprises in the number of industry-university-research innovation entities has gradually increased.The research shows that proximity is an important influencing factor of the industry-university-research cooperation relationship.In different periods of the development of the new energy automobile industry,the proximity factors affecting the industry-university-re⁃search cooperation vary.Among them,geographical proximity and cognitive proximity have little impact on industry-university-re⁃search cooperation,while social proximity,organizational proximity and institutional proximity have a continuous positive role in promo⁃ting industry-university-research innovation network.This study enriches the theoretical research of the industry-university-research innovation network.Firstly,local governments should play the role of geographical proximity,take the development planning of urban agglomeration as an opportunity to coordinate the development orientation of various cities to the industry,and accelerate the formation of new energy automobile industrial clusters.Sec⁃ondly,local governments need to constantly improve the innovation policy system and strengthen cooperation and exchanges between cit⁃ies.Finally,governments at all levels need to accelerate the implementation of the"unveiling and leading"system and give play to the leading role of large leading enterprises in different technical fields of new energy vehicles.