DNA家系搜索的现状及展望

Current status and prospect of Familial DNA searching

DNA家系搜索是一种基于DNA信息的遗传学分析方法,为明确家族关系、识别未知遗骸、解决冷案及辨认失踪人员等民事和刑事侦查提供有力线索。近年来,随着DNA检测技术及分析方法的不断进步和广泛应用,DNA家系搜索在法医学、人类遗传学等领域中备受关注。与此同时,DNA家系搜索也面临着伦理和技术等方面的挑战。本文归纳了多种类型遗传标记在DNA家系搜索中的应用,梳理了进行DNA家系搜索时依据的相关DNA数据库建立现状及制度规范,讨论了DNA样本的获取、数据分析与隐私保护等问题,同时提出了未来DNA家系搜索的发展方向与挑战。在技术方法上,需要针对DNA数据的多样性和复杂性进行更加精准的分析和解读;在伦理方面,需要建立更加完善的隐私保护制度与措施,确保个人信息的保密性和安全性。

Familial DNA searching is a genetic analysis methodology based on DNA information,proffering potent evidential support for civil and criminal inquiries encompassing the determination of familial relationships,the identification of unidentifed remains,the resolution of cold cases,and the establishment of identities for missing persons.In recent years,the rapid advancement and widespread application of DNA technology have engendered the extensive utilization of familial DNA searching in forensic science and human genetics.Nonetheless,this method confronts technical and ethical quandaries.Here,we have not only compiled an overview of the utilization of various genetic markers in familial DNA searching,but also organized the extant status,as well as the policies and regulations of the DNA databases that serve as the foundation for familial DNA searching.Additionally,the challenges associated with DNA sample acquisition,data analysis,and the safeguarding of privacy were discussed.Moreover,the future directions and challenges for the progression of familial DNA searching were also explored.From the technical perspective,the imperative lies in the augmentation of precise interpretation in DNA data to accommodate the diversity and intricacy of genetic information.Ethically,it necessitates the establishment of more comprehensive privacy protection mechanisms to guarantee the confidentiality and security of personal data.