再生铅行业硫污染及其控制技术研究进展

Research progress on sulfur pollution and its control technology in thesecondary lead industry

废铅蓄电池处理生产线十分庞大,多个设备或生产环节中都会产生含硫污染物,如不合理处置,将会对环境造成严重污染,也会造成硫资源浪费。从全流程角度出发,梳理了废铅蓄电池处理过程硫污染物产生环节和存在形式;总结了不同环节所用脱硫技术的原理、适用范围、实施过程及优缺点;最后,提出了再生铅行业硫污染控制技术的未来发展前景。结果表明:前端预脱硫转化技术很难同时解决碳酸铅包裹阻碍反应速率和成本高的问题,而且硫酸盐副产物销量差。硫酸雾处理技术、后端烟气制酸转化技术和末端尾气脱硫技术均得到了长足发展,在不同类型企业得到了广泛应用,但目前仍然存在脱硫成本较高、对复杂工况下的SO2烟气的脱除控制较差等问题,未来应从进一步降低脱硫成本和探索基于大数据驱动模型的工艺优化技术方面寻求突破。

The production line for treating waste lead-acid batteries is very large,with multiple equipment or production processes producing sulfur pollutants.If not properly disposed of,it will cause serious environmental accidents and waste sulfur resources.From the perspective of the entire process,the author analyzed the processes and forms of sulfur pollutants generated during the treatment of waste lead batteries;and summarized the principles,scope of application,implementation process,advantages and disadvantages of desulfurization technologies used in different stages;finally,the future development prospects of sulfur pollution control technology in the secondary lead industry were proposed.The results indicated that pre-desulfurization technology was difficult to simultaneously solve the problem of reduced reaction rate caused by lead carbonate and high cost caused by raw materials,and the sales volume of sulfate by-products was poor.The sulfuric acid mist treatment technology,flue gas preparation sulfuric acid technology,and tail gas desulfurization technology had all made significant progress and had been widely applied in different types of enterprises.However,there were still problems such as high desulfurization costs and poor control of SO2 flue gas removal under complex operating conditions.Therefore,in the future,breakthroughs should be sought in further reducing desulfurization costs and exploring process optimization technologies based on big-data-driven models.