南京市2022年蝇类生态学监测及家蝇对常用杀虫剂的抗药性调查

Ecological surveillance result of flies and resistance of Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides in Nanjing,China,2022

目的调查南京市蝇类种群分布、密度变化以及家蝇抗药性现状,为制定科学、合理、有效的防治措施提供依据。方法2022年3-11月采用笼诱法进行蝇类生态学监测,采用点滴法进行家蝇抗药性测定。通过Excel 2010计算蝇密度及构成比;采用SPSS 23.0软件进行Probit回归分析,计算半数致死剂量(LD_(50))、回归方程和抗性倍数。结果2022年南京市捕获蝇类中家蝇为优势种群,占比为21.85%。南京市年平均蝇密度为2.94只/笼,不同监测点中,六合区蝇密度最高,为8.85只/笼;不同生境中,农贸市场蝇类密度最高,为3.44只/笼;不同种类中,家蝇在4种生境中分布最多,为0.64只/笼。蝇密度季节消长呈单峰型,7月达到峰值,为5.95只/笼。家蝇对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏、辛硫磷和残杀威的LD_(50)值分别为0.1727、0.2886、0.1452、0.1143和0.9167μg/只,抗性倍数分别为863.50、41.23、242.00、36.87和3.08。结论家蝇为南京市蝇类优势种群,已对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏和辛硫磷产生不同程度抗性,应停止或减少这4种杀虫剂的使用,科学合理地选择一些敏感性、低抗性的杀虫剂逐渐换用、轮用。

Objective To investigate the population distribution and density of flies and the insecticide resistance levels of Musca domestica in Nanjing,China,so as to provide a basis for formulating scientific,rational,and effective prevention and control measures.Methods From March to November,2022,the cage trapping method was used for fly ecological surveillance,and the topical application method was used to determine the insecticide resistance of M.domestica.The density and composition ratio of flies were calculated using Excel 2010.Using SPSS 23.0 software,a Probit regression analysis was performed to calculate the median lethal dose(LD_(50)),regression equation,and resistance ratio.Results M.domestica was the dominant species of flies in Nanjing in 2022,accounting for 21.85%.The average annual fly density was 2.94 flies/cage in Nanjing.Among the surveillance points,Liuhe District had the highest fly density of 8.85 flies/cage.Among different habitats,farmers’markets had the highest fly density of 3.44 flies/cage.Among different fly species,M.domestica showed the highest density in four habitats,which was 0.64 flies/cage.The fly density showed a unimodal pattern,which reached a peak in July at 5.95 flies/cage.For M.domestica,the LD_(50)values of deltamethrin,beta-cypermethrin,dichlorvos,phoxim,and propoxur were 0.1727,0.2886,0.1452,0.1143,and 0.9167μg/individual,respectively;the resistance ratios were 863.50,41.23,242.00,36.87,and 3.08,respectively.Conclusions M.domestica was the dominant fly species in Nanjing,with varying degrees of resistance to deltamethrin,beta-cypermethrin,dichlorvos,and phoxim.The use of these four insecticides should be stopped or reduced,and some sensitive and low-resistance insecticides should be selected for rotation gradually.