基于多源地理数据的城市健身场地精细尺度空间可达性分析

Spatial accessibility analysis of urban fitness fields at the fine scale supported by multi-source geographic data

健身场地精细空间认知是“体育强国”国家战略背景下破解健身场地空间分布不均匀、利用不充分等难题的关键。针对统计年鉴与问卷调查等数据难以有效的从精细空间尺度上揭示健身场地供需的空间特征,本文提出利用多源地理数据刻画城市健身场地需求与供给特征,借助于高斯两步移动搜索法构建健身场地空间可达性评价模型,并利用地理加权回归模型探测影响因素的空间分异性,从而实现精细空间尺度城市健身场地空间认知。本研究以长沙市为研究区,通过搜集该区域的健身场地分布数据、人口分布数据与相关影响等多源地理数据,分别从网格与街道尺度分析健身场地的可达性空间分布特征,进而探讨了精细空间尺度上可达性与影响因素关系的变异性,结果表明:①长沙市健身场地资源分配空间不均衡较为明显。其中,芙蓉区整体的健身场地空间可达性较高,但是区域内供需失衡最为严重;岳麓区、开福区、雨花区与天心区的可达性总体上较为接近,但是,不同区域内变异性存在较大差异;望城区可达性与变异性均是所有区域中最低的。②场地密度与路网密度对健身场地可达性既有正向影响也有负向作用,且呈现出显著的空间分异性,场地密度与路网密度对健身场地可达性正向影响较大的街道分别位于芙蓉区与开福区,负向影响较大的街道均集中在岳麓区。研究为合理地健身场地空间布局优化提供重要的参考。

In this study,it takes advantage of multi-source geographic data to describe the characteristics of demand-supply of urban fitness fields that we consider that the data from statistical yearbook and question-naire survey cannot effectively reveal the spatial characteristics of the supply-demand of fitness fields at a fine spatial scale.An evaluation model of spatial accessibility is constructed based on Gaussian two-step floating watershed method.Geographically weighted regression is then employed to detect the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors so as to realize spatial cognition of urban fitness fields at a fine spatial scale.This study,which selects Changsha City as the research area,collects multi-source geographic data such as fitness fields distribution data,population distribution data and related impacts in this area,analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of reachability of fitness fields from grid and street scales,and then discusses the variability of the relationship between reachability and influencing factors on a fine spatial scale.The results confirm that:1)Here is an obvious imbalance of fitness fields at spatial dimension in Changsha.The Furong District has the highest spatial accessibility of fitness fields as well as the most serious the most serious in this area.The ac-cessibilities in Yuelu,Kaifu,Yuhua and Tianxin Districts are generally similar,but there are great differences in variability in different regions;The accessibility and variability of Wangcheng District are the lowest among all regions.2)The density of field and density of road network have both positive and negative effects on the accessibility of fitness fields,and the effects show significant spatial differentiation.The streets with greater positive effects on the accessibility of fitness fields for the density of field and density of road network are mainly locate in Furong and Kaifu District,respectively,while the streets with greater negative effects on fit-ness fields for both factors are concentrated in Yuelu District.The research can provide a significant support for the rational spatial layout optimization of fitness fields.Specifically,on the one hand,unbalanced spatial reachability needs to be focused in Changsha.On the other hand,targeted reachability promotion strategies can be formulated based on the differences of influencing factors in different regions.