农机作业服务市场的“本地化”提高了农户粮食生产技术效率吗?

Does the“Localization”of Agricultural Machinery Service Market Improve the Technical Efficiency of Grain Production for Farmers?

随着各地区农机保有量的持续增长,跨区农机作业服务市场容量不断收缩,“本地化”农机作业服务快速兴起。基于华北平原微观农户的调查数据,运用超效率生产函数形式的随机前沿生产函数法测算了农户粮食生产技术效率,并实证分析了农机作业服务市场的“本地化”对农户粮食生产技术效率的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:农户粮食生产存在一定程度的技术效率损失,且主要来源于管理误差;“本地化”农机作业服务一方面降低了耽误农时导致减产的风险,提高了农户要素配置的灵活性,另一方面形成对农机手道德风险的有效约束,提高了农机作业质量,进而促进农户粮食生产技术效率的提升;但是,这一正向激励效应,随着农户农地经营规模扩张和兼业程度提升而逐渐减弱。为扩大激励效应,应加快推动农机作业服务信息化、作业质量标准化建设,提高农机购置补贴政策的灵活性。

With the continuous growth of agricultural machinery holdings in various regions,the market capacity of trans-regional agricultural machinery services has been shrinking,and the localized agricultural machinery services are rapidly emerging.Based on the survey data from micro-level farmers in the North China Plain,this paper uses the stochastic frontier production function method in the form of super-efficiency production function to measure the technical efficiency of farmer’s grain planting,and empirically analyzes the impact of the“localization”of agricultural machinery service market on the technical efficiency and its mechanism.Results show that there is a certain degree of technical efficiency loss in grain production for farmers,mainly due to management errors.The“localization”of agricultural machinery service market,on the one hand,reduces the risk of yield reduction caused by delay in agricultural time,and improves the flexibility of factor allocation for farmers;on the other hand,it effectively constrains the moral hazard of machinery operators and enhances the quality of agricultural machinery operation,thereby promoting the improvement of technical efficiency in grain production for farmers.However,this positive incentive effect is gradually weakened with the expansion of farmers’agricultural land-scale and the enhancement of off-farm employment.To enhance the incentive effect,it is necessary to build agricultural machinery service sharing platform and agricultural machinery service standards,and increase the flexibility of subsidies for agricultural machinery purchase.