韩国式资本主义、新自由主义女性主义与韩国人口危机

Capitalism in South Korea, Neo-liberal Feminism, and the Demographic Crisis

从女性的角度看,韩国的人口下降危机是韩国女性长期以来遭受性别压迫的必然产物。一方面,韩国式资本主义产生了压迫女性的特殊机制。韩国财阀垄断资本主义的内在矛盾使韩国经济深陷危机,女性首当其冲,而且危机加剧了工人阶级内部的性别对立。在过度积累危机下,财阀垄断资本日益将女性身体作为增殖手段,大众媒体则在宣扬消费文化和审美标准方面发挥了重要作用,进一步强化了韩国女性的从属地位。另一方面,新自由主义女性主义理论在韩国广为流行,其鼓励韩国女性与男性在职场展开竞争,但韩国职业女性仍无法摆脱传统观念赋予自己的社会角色,面临职业和家庭的两难选择。从政治经济学的角度看,韩国的人口危机反映了韩国式资本主义在维持劳动力再生产与促进资本持续积累之间存在的冲突,以及新自由主义意识形态与韩国女性传统角色之间存在的冲突。韩国女性成为这两种冲突下的牺牲品,晚婚、晚育甚至不婚、不育成为其面对性别压迫的自然选择。

South Korea’s demographic crisis is an inevitable product of the gender oppression that Korean women have long suffered.The inherent contradictions of chaebol monopoly capitalism have plunged South Korea’s economy into a deep crisis.Women are the first to bear the brunt.Female has been used as a means of proliferation and the consumer culture and aesthetic standards promoted by the mass media further strengthens their subordinate status.With the popularization of neoliberal feminism in South Korea,women are encouraged to compete with men in the workplace.However,the working women are unable to break free from the traditional social roles assigned to them,facing a dilemma between career and family.The demographic crisis reflects the conflict between maintaining reproduction of labor power and promoting the continuous accumulation of capital as well as the conflict between neoliberal ideology and the traditional role of women.Females are the victim of the two conflicts.Late marriage,late childbearing,or even no marriage and infertility have become their normal choices under such gender oppression.