数字技术赋能特殊教育高质量发展——基于省级“十四五”特殊教育发展提升行动计划的政策分析

Digital Technology Enables High-Quality Development of Special Education:Policy Analyses Based on the Provincial 14th Five-Year Plan of Action for Enhancing Special Education Development

习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出,坚持以人民为中心办教育,加快建设高质量教育体系,推进教育数字化,建设全民终身学习型社会、学习型大国。数字技术已成为教育高质量发展的新动能。特殊教育作为建设高质量教育体系的重要内容,以数字技术赋能特殊教育高质量发展成为当前特殊教育改革发展的重要议题。本文基于政策工具视角,构建“政策工具-政策要素-政策区域”三维分析框架,运用内容分析法对27份省级“十四五”特殊教育发展规划中关于“数字技术赋能特殊教育高质量发展”的内容进行分析。结果表明,各地政府对数字技术赋能特殊教育高质量发展规划清晰,发展环境多维化,政策内容多元化,政策工具多样化,政策要素集中化,但同时也存在社会力量参与疲弱,政策内容趋同特征明显,政策工具组合配置不够均衡等现象。建议地方政府协同运用多元政策工具,强化社会参与;拓宽政策内容覆盖面,强调特殊教育区域特色;协调政策工具运用比例,释放多重工具组合效能;均衡政策要素指标分布,倾斜支持发展薄弱环节。

Digital technology empowerment has become a new driving force for high-quality development of education.As an important part of building a high-quality education system,special education has become an important issue in the current education reform,empowered by digital technology.Based on the perspective of policy tools,a three-dimensional analysis framework of“policy tools-policy elements-policy areas”was constructed,and the content analysis method was used to analyze the content of“digital technology enables high-quality development of special education”in 27 provincial“14th Five-Year Plan”special education development plans.The results show that local governments have clear plans for the high-quality development of digital technology-enabled special education,multi-dimensional development environment,diversified policy content,diversified policy tools,and centralized policy elements.But at the same time,there are some phenomena,such as single educational governance model,obvious convergence of policy contents,and structural imbalance of policy tools.It is suggested that local governments coordinate the use of multiple policy tools to strengthen professional support for social participation;broaden the coverage of policy content and emphasize the regional characteristics of special education;optimize the structure of the use of policy tools and release the effectiveness of the combination of multiple tools;and balance the distribution of the policy element indicators,giving preferential support to weak links in development.