公共卫生领域下行政应急权的法律规制:问题与对策——基于新冠肺炎疫情下的考察

Legal regulation of administrative emergency power in public health:problems and measures--Based on the COVID-19pandemic

公共卫生领域下的行政应急权是我国3年来得以控制新冠肺炎疫情的特殊集中性权力,它能适应现代风险社会的需要,最大程度地保障人民生命健康和基本权益。但是,新冠肺炎疫情的爆发反复无常、难以溯源,给我国行政应急权的法律规制带来了挑战和问题,包括行政应急权难以满足应急法治要求、信息报告和预警未能满足依法治疫的要求、行政应急权的监督及问责机制不完善、行政应急权侵害相对人合法权益的问题。以此为基,提出完善行政应急权的法律规制的创新之策,包括完善公共卫生方面的法律法规、规范应急信息报告和应急预案、完善行政应急权的监督和问责机制、为相对人提供权利救济。

The administrative emergency power in the field of public health has been a special centralized power to control the COVID-19 in China for three years.To the utmost extent,it can satisfy the needs of modern risk society and protect peoples life,health as well as basic rights and interests.However,the outbreak of COVID-19 is capricious and difficult to trace,which brings challenges and problems to the legal regulation of administrative emergency right in China.The challenges and problems include that the administrative emergency power is hard to meet the requirements of the emergency rule of law,the information report and early warning fail to meet the requirements of the epidemic management according to law,the supervision and accountability mechanism of the administrative emergency power is not flawless,and the legal rights and interests of the relative party are infringed.Based on this,innovative measures to perfect the legal regulation of administrative emergency right are put forward.The measures involve perfecting the laws and regulations of public health,standardizing the emergency information report and emergency plan,perfecting the supervision and accountability mechanism of administrative emergency right,and providing the right relief for the counterpart.