文化资本视角下面向观众的博物馆教育方法探索

Museum Education Methods Facing the Visitors from the Perspective of Cultural Capital

广泛应用于教育社会学领域的文化资本理论适于对作为博物馆教育对象的观众进行调研与分析。博物馆教育须基于观众既有的文化资本,目的是促进观众产生和积累更多的文化资本。优化博物馆教育,要在现象层面对观众的文化资本结构进行分析,进而建构契合目标观众群体文化资本结构的分众施教场域。博物馆与观众处于共同体之中,基于观众文化资本结构辨识,建构博物馆与观众新型关系,对于观众促进自身文化资本积累与转化具有关键作用,是创建一流博物馆的应然之举。

The cultural capital theory,which has been widely used in the field of educational sociology,is also suitable for the investigation and analysis of the visitors as the object of museum education.Based on the visitors’existing cultural capital,the museum education aims to promote the visitors to generate and accumulate more cultural capital.To optimize museum education,it is necessary to analyze the visitors’cultural capital structure from the phenomenon aspect,and then construct a special field that fits the cultural capital structure of the target group.For the museum and the visitors are in a community,constructing of a new relationship between them based on the visitors’cultural capital structure is not only pivotal to promote the accumulation and transformation of the visitor’s cultural capital,but also necessary to create a first-class museum.