乡贤主导的在地化乡村建设——以傅柏翠的古蛟地区实践为例

Local Rural Construction Led by Rural Sages—Take Fu Baicui s Practice in Gujiao Area as an Example

关于民国时期的乡村建设运动,学界目前一般以梁漱溟、晏阳初等外来知识分子主导的外源型,及张謇、卢作孚等爱国企业家主导的内生型乡村建设模式作为主要研究对象。除此之外,还有一种内生型模式是由地方乡贤通过对土地、山林等资源的整理来开展在地化乡村建设,其中傅柏翠于1931—1949年在闽西古蛟地区开展的实践即为其典型代表之一。自1931年开始,傅柏翠离开革命道路,致力于古蛟地区的地方建设。他通过均分田地、整理墟场、山林收归公有等方式,整合了当地的经济资源,用于乡村各项建设。可以说,他在土地集体所有、农民享有使用权的基础上,构建了在地化的社会经济体系,使得辖区内民众得以共享均等公共服务。该实践表明,即使在缺乏工业发展能力的地区,本地乡贤主导也能低成本动员当地资源成功开展在地化的乡村建设。这一经验可以为当代的乡村振兴战略及中国式农业农村现代化提供历史镜鉴。

As for the rural construction movement in the period of the Republic of China,the current academic circles generally take the exogenous mode led by foreign intellectuals such as Liang Shuming and Yan Yangchu and the endogenous mode led by patriotic entrepreneurs such as Zhang Jian and Lu Zuofu as the main research objects.However,in addition,there is another endogenous mode that is carried out by local villagers through the consolidation of land,forest,and other resources,among which Fu Baicui s practices in Gujiao area of western Fujian from 1931 to 1949 are notable representatives.Since 1931,Fu Baicui departed from the revolutionary activities and devoted himself to local construction in the Gujiao area.He integrated the local economic resources for various rural construction by equalizing the land,reorganizing the market,and taking the forest into public ownership.It can be said that he established a localized social and economic system on the basis of collective ownership of land and the right of farmers to use it,so that people in the jurisdiction can share equal public services.This study shows that even in areas with limited industrial development capacity,rural sages can efficiently mobilize local resources to successfully carry out localized rural construction.This experience can provide a historical reference for the contemporary rural vitalization strategy and the modernization of Chinese agriculture and rural areas.