脑机接口在神经系统疾病中的应用进展

Application progress of brain-computer interfaces in neurological diseases

脑机接口(brain-computer interface,BCI)是在中枢神经系统与外部设备之间建立直接通路的前沿技术,广泛应用于科学研究及临床诊疗。脑机接口由信号采集、特征提取、模式分类解码、外部控制及反向调节模块组成,按信号采集方式可分为侵入性和非侵入性。神经病学作为该技术临床转化的主力军,近年专注于意识障碍、癫痫、认知障碍等疾病的诊断及预后评估,通信和运动辅助,神经功能康复改善等,已取得重大突破。

Brain-computer interfaces establish communication channels between the central nervous system and external devices,which are widely used in research and clinical practice.BCIs consist of signal acquisition,feature extraction,pattern classification and decoding,external control and feedback regulation.BCIs are divided into invasive and non-invasive BCIs according to the signal acquisition method.As the main force in the clinical transformation of brain-computer interfaces,neuroscience has made major breakthroughs in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases such as disturbance of consciousness,epilepsy,cognitive impairment,the assistance of communication and motion control,and the rehabilitation and improvement of neurological function.