海马结构在创伤性脑损伤后癫痫中的作用

Research progress of the role of hippocampal formation in epilepsy after traumatic brain injury

外伤后癫痫(posttraumatic epilepsy,PTE)是创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)最严重的并发症之一,海马结构对外伤后癫痫的发生有重要作用。创伤性脑损伤后海马结构的细胞群出现一系列病理改变,包括海马神经元损伤丢失,突触重塑以及神经环路重组,小胶质细胞激活和胶质细胞增生,细胞外兴奋性和抑制性神经递质失衡;另外,海马结构局部继发的炎症反应、离子浓度异常,免疫反应及一些神经营养因子的分泌,也参与了外伤后癫痫的形成。本文主要就海马结构在外伤后癫痫发生机制中的研究进展进行综述。

Posttraumatic epilepsy(PTE)is one of the most serious complications of traumatic brain injury(TBI),and the hippocampus plays an important role in the occurrence of post traumatic epilepsy.After traumatic brain injury,a series of pathological changes occur in the cell population of the hippocampal structure,including loss of hippocampal neurons,synaptic remodeling,neural circuit reorganization,activation of microglia and proliferation of glia,and imbalance of extracellular excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters;In addition,the secondary inflammatory response,abnormal ion concentration,immune response,and secretion of some neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus are also involved in the formation of post traumatic epilepsy.This article mainly reviews the research progress of the hippocampal structure in the mechanism of post traumatic epilepsy.