美国乡土景观理论对中国乡村振兴的启示——基于《一种地方感,一种时间感》解读

Enlightenment of American VernacularLandscape Theory to Rural Revitalization in China:Based on Interpretation of A Sense of Place,A Sense of Time

中国正处于城镇化转型关键期,乡村备受关注,乡土景观的发展与保护研究是推进乡村振兴战略实施的重要抓手。对于乡土景观“发展还是保护”的矛盾问题,美国“乡土景观之父”杰克逊在《一种地方感,一种时间感》一书中提出要用动态的眼光来看待此问题,他指出乡土景观具有适应性与变化性特征;新技术的发展会形成新乡土景观与新地方感;地方感与时间感保护的核心是归属感与体验感的共现。据此,归纳出美国乡土景观理论对中国乡村振兴的启示:首先,要避免景观大跃进与景观固化等错误,要对风貌管控留有余地;其次,要积极应对交通互联、网络互联等现代化技术对乡村带来的影响;最后,要高度重视乡土空间更新和地方感知保护的共现,使乡村建设不仅能看得见山,望得见水,更能留得住乡愁。

China is in the critical period of urbanization transformation,and rural areas have received much attention.The research on the development and protection of vernacular landscape is an important means to promote the implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy.In the book of A Sense of Place,A Sense of Time,John Brinckerhoff Jackson proposed to view the contradiction of “development or protection” of vernacular landscape from a dynamic perspective.He points out that the vernacular landscape has the natural attribute of adaptive change,and the development of new technology will certainly reshape the form and culture of the vernacular landscape,while the core of the protection of the sense of place and the sense of time is the co-occurrence of the sense of place belonging and the sense of time rhythm.Based on the points,the paper concludes the implication of the vernacular landscape theory in the USA to the rural revitalization in China.First of all,we should leave room for the management of vernacular landscape and avoid the mistakes such as radical change of landscape,landscape solidification,etc..Secondly,we should actively respond to the impact of modern technologies such as traffic interconnection and Internet connection on vernacular landscape.Thirdly,we should attach great importance to the co-occurrence of rural space update and sense-of-place protection,so that the vernacular landscape construction can not only enable people to see the mountain and water,but can also inspire nostalgia.