增权逻辑下残疾人自组织的发展、阻滞与进路——基于南京市T机构的考察

Development,Block and Approach of Self-organization of Disabled Persons under Empowerment Logic:Based on the Investigation of T Institution in Nanjing

残疾人事业高质量发展需要重视残疾人在社会发展中的主体性,使其获得尊严感、福祉感及重要感等良好的权能体验。对一个残疾人自组织考察后发现,残疾人自组织增权经历了个体自发、组织自觉、社会部分协同的过程。政府及相关部门、组织自身以及组织成员是自组织获得增权性发展最重要的力量。残疾人自组织的整体生态环境比较脆弱,加之政府过于强大的嵌入力量,致使自组织发展的自主性与地位的合法性之间失衡,造成“无权叠加”和“权能反噬”。在新时代发展背景下,本文提出将残疾人自组织作为社会治理主体,从与整个社会高质量发展“拟合度”方面推进协同增权,通过制度增权、话语增权、服务增权为残疾人事业的高质量发展提供进路。

The high-quality development of the cause of the disabled needs to pay attention to the subjectivity of the disabled in social development,so that they can get a sense of dignity,well-being and an important sense of good power experience.The self-organization development of persons with disabilities is not only a lever for the empowerment of persons with disabilities,but also a reservoir for the empowerment of society as a whole.After investigating the self-organization of a disabled person,it is found that the empowerment process of the disabled person has experienced three stages:individual spontaneity,organizational consciousness and social coordination.The driving force of the self-organization development of the disabled in the individual spontaneous stage comes from the sense of individual empowerment cultivated in the inclusive society.In the organizational consciousness stage,the support of government and related departments’policies and resources lays the foundation for the development of self-organization.The improvement of the organization’s capacity promotes specialization;The identity of the members of the organization and their families is a key force for development;Social ecosystem is an important macro system that determines the longitudinal deepening and sustainable development of selforganization.The self-organization empowerment in the cooperative stage of society is more positive than the traditional anti-oppression trend,especially the“cooperative policy advocacy”is more helpful to the social participation of the disabled.The fragile external system formed by the stereotype of persons with disabilities leads to the“superposition of empowerment”in the self-organization of persons with disabilities,especially the further amplification of the“sense of empowerment”in institutions for persons with disabilities in crisis situations mainly comes from the original weak power of persons with disabilities and the further loss of the sense of empowerment in the face of crisis.The self-organization of persons with disabilities relies more on the support of the government to obtain the power,and the lack of ability to deal with the relationship with the government will weaken the autonomy to a certain extent,and even lead to the loss of the trust of the service object and the advantage of sinking the community.At the same time,government-led purchase services often have problems such as a mismatch between supply and demand and weak docking,resulting in the phenomenon of“power bite back”.The main reasons for the retardation of the development of the self-organization of persons with disabilities are:the overall ecological environment of the self-organization of persons with disabilities is relatively fragile,coupled with the excessively strong embedded power of the government,resulting in the imbalance between the autonomy of the development of the selforganization and the legitimacy of the status.In the context of the development of the new era,it is necessary to promote the collaborative empowerment of the self-organization of persons with disabilities and the“fit degree”of the high-quality development of the whole society,accelerate the innovation of relevant policies and mechanisms through institutional empowerment,and truly let the power of development and choice into the operation of the self-organization of persons with disabilities;To open up the space for self-organization growth by empowering people with services,and help solve the key problems that disabled people encounter crises and challenges inside and outside organizations in their development after self-organization comes out of the shell;The construction of inclusive society through discourse empowerment and the promotion of sustainable self-organization and self-development of persons with disabilities ultimately lie in the cultivation of autonomy of persons with disabilities.Overall,it increases the depth and breadth of empowerment to achieve the same frequency resonance,and provide a way for the high-quality development of the cause of disabled people.