基于结构的流感疫苗设计进展

Advances in structure-based influence vaccine design

流感病毒在人类中的传播已有百余年的历史,然而由于其高度可变的抗原结构,常规疫苗难以构建持久的保护作用,开发具备跨亚型保护能力的疫苗成为研究人员面临的挑战。而近十余年发展形成的基于结构的疫苗设计策略有着不同的设计思路,它注重抗原表位的作用,将蛋白质结构信息用于抗原设计,以得到稳定、高效且具有跨亚型保护作用的重组抗原,为流感疫苗的开发提供了新的突破口。本综述汇总现阶段流感病毒中常见抗原的结构特点与表位特征,主要针对流感病毒的3种表面蛋白血凝素(HA)、神经氨酸酶(NA)和基质蛋白2(M2),分别讨论结构疫苗学在这些抗原设计中的应用与进展。

Despite influenza viruses have been circulating in people for more than a century,their highly variable antigenic structures making the development of vaccines that provide cross-subtype protection more challengeable.Structure-based vaccine design has been developed for over ten years.It provides new ideas in the development of influenza vaccines by emphasizing the function of antigenic epitopes and using protein structural information for antigen design to produce stable and effective recombinant antigens with cross-subtype protection.This review summarized the structural characteristics and epitope features of common influenza virus antigens and mainly discussed the research progress and application of structural vaccinology in the development of three influenza virus surface proteins,hemagglutinin,neuraminidase and matrix protein 2.