浅谈象数思维在方剂学中的运用

A Brief Introduction to the Use of Xiang and Shu Thinking in Formulas of Traditional Chinese Medicine

[目的]探讨象数思维在方剂学中的应用,追本溯源,旨在从象数的角度进一步理解方剂,获得新知。[方法]通过查阅中医药古籍文献及易学相关文献资料,从方名、主治、组方、选药、剂量、用法、治则治法等方面,研究象数思维在方剂学中的运用,阐释其背后的诊疗意义。[结果]古朴的象数思想随着历史的衍进逐渐渗透到了方剂学的各个部分,八卦、河图洛书、五行、四象等在方剂学中均有体现,“以象推效”是方剂的常用方法。从象数而解方名可知其药味、功效,通过卦象拟病象可以更好地理解主治,直观、感性的象思维在组方选药中更是发挥了重要作用,而河图数、五行、八卦等象数思维在剂量的确定方面具有一定的指导意义,在方剂的服法中象数思维也有一定的体现,治则治法借象数形象生动地阐释了其意义内涵。虽然象数因缺乏普适性不能一概方剂,但仍有重要的启示意义。[结论]“推天道以明医理”,象数符合“天人相应”的整体观念,理解象数思维是把握医道的基础,了解、熟悉象数思维对理解及掌握方剂具有重要意义。

[Objective]To explore the application of Xiang and Shu Thinking in the field of formulas of traditional Chinese medicine,and further understand prescriptions from the perspective of Xiang and Shu Thinking to gain new knowledge.[Methods]Through consulting ancient Chinese medicine literature and related literature of Yi learning,this treatise focused on the field of prescription,and studied the application of Xiang and Shu Thinking in prescriptions from various aspects,including the prescription name,indications,composition,selection of herbs,dosage,usage,treatment rules and treatment methods.The diagnostic and therapeutic significance behind the use of Xiang and Shu Thinking was also explained.[Results]The primitive idea of image number has gradually penetrated into all parts of the formulae as history has progressed.The use of eight diagrams,Hetu and Luoshu,five elements and four images are all reflected in the field of prescription.The name of a prescription can be interpreted from the number of signs and figures to know the herbal medicines in a prescription,and the main treatment can be better understood through the trigrams and signs of the disease.The intuitive and sensual thinking of signs plays an important role in the selection of medicine,while the number of Hetu and five elements and eight diagrams have certain guiding significance in the determination of dosage.The thinking of signs and figures is also reflected in the serving method of prescriptions,and the treatment rules and methods are vividly explained in the image of signs and figures.Although the prescription can not be summarized by the number of images due to its lack of generality,it still has important enlightenment significance.[Conclusion]“Reveal the principles of medicine by following the laws of nature”,the number of images conforms to the overall concept of“the correspondence between nature and human”.So understanding Xiang and Shu thinking is not only the basis of mastering the medical way,but also of great significance to understanding and mastering the prescription.