技术团队知识多样性及其对创新绩效的影响研究

Knowledge Diversity and Its Influence on Technical Team Innovation Performance

团队创新是“大科技时代”的显著特征。过去关于科学团队创新过程的研究较多,但对技术团队创新的关注不足,关于技术团队知识多样性及其对创新绩效的影响仍不清晰。本文考量技术团队的特征,提出一种新方法用于识别团队,进而构建团队知识网络、测度知识多样性,从创新数量、创新质量、创新广度3个维度探究其对团队创新绩效的影响。研究结果发现,知识多样性可以在上述3个维度显著提升技术团队的创新绩效。当以创新数量为目标时,大团队更能发挥知识多样性的正向效应;但当侧重创新成果的新颖性和创造性时,小团队中知识多样性对创新绩效的提升更明显。本文的研究结论,一方面,可以与科学团队相关研究形成对话,帮助理解科学团队与技术团队在创新过程中的不同特征与机制;另一方面,可以辅助技术研发主体与管理者参照创新目标合理配置资源,以实现理想的创新绩效。

Team innovation is a distinctive feature of the“Big Tech Era.”Numerous studies have examined the innovation process of scientific teams,but technical teams have received insufficient attention.Particularly,the knowledge diversity of technical teams and its impact on innovation performance remains unclear.Considering the features of technical teams,we propose a new method to identify teams,then construct team knowledge networks,measure knowledge diversity,and explore its impact on team innovation performance.The impact is analyzed from three dimensions:innovation quantity,innovation quality,and innovation breadth.The results reveal that knowledge diversity can significantly improve the innovation performance in all three dimensions.Specifically,when aiming at innovation productivity,larger teams can better exert a positive effect of knowledge diversity.However,when focusing on innovation novelty and originality,knowledge diversity can improve innovation performance more obviously in a smaller team.This study can be considered with the relevant research on scientific teams to help understand the different characteristics and mechanisms in scientific and technical teams.It can also assist R&D departments and managers to allocate resources for different innovation goals.