2017~2022年杭州市儿童医院8,780例儿童轮状病毒感染流行病学特征分析

目的了解杭州市儿童医院轮状病毒(RV)的阳性检出情况及流行特征。方法收集整理2017年1月至2022年12月期间杭州市儿童医院检出的轮状病毒抗原阳性的8,780病例信息,对年龄、性别、检出时间等因素进行回顾性分析。结果RV历年平均阳性检出率为19.08%(8,780/46,021),其中男童RV阳性检出率为10.77%,女童为8.31%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄段患儿的RV阳性检出率随年龄增大呈下降趋势(P<0.05),<3岁儿童的RV阳性检出率占所有阳性检出患者的90.58%;季节方面RV感染具有显著的季节特征,每年冬季高发,占历年总检出数的69.32%,而在夏季发病率极低,仅占1.83%。年份方面,2017年以来RV感染呈逐年下降趋势,尤其是2020年疫情发生以来,RV阳性检出率显著降低(P<0.05)。结论杭州市儿童医院RV感染具有一定的性别差异,男童易感染,尤其要重视<3岁的婴幼儿腹泻感染检查。另外RV发病存在明显的季节性,冬季高发,但历年发病人数自2017年后呈逐年下降趋势,可能与疫苗推广和新冠疫情发生存在一定关系。

Objective To investigate the positive detection and epidemic characteristics of rotavirus(RV)in Hangzhou Children's Hospital.Methods From January 2017 to December 2022,8,780 RV antigen positive cases in Hangzhou Children's Hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively by age,gender and detection time.Results The average positive rate of RV was 19.08%(8,780/46,021).The positive rate of RV was 10.77%in boys and 8.31%in girls,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The RV positive detection rate of children in different age groups decreased with the increase of age(P<0.05),and the RV positive detection rate of children under 3 years old accounted for 90.58%of all positive patients.In terms of seasons,RV infection had significant seasonal characteristics,with a high incidence in winter,accounted for 69.32%of the total number detected in the past year,and a very low incidence in summer,accounted for only 1.83%.In terms of year,RV infection showed a downward trend year by year since 2017,especially since the outbreak of the epidemic in 2020,the positive detection rate of RV was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion RV infection in Hangzhou Children's Hospital has a certain gender difference,and boys are susceptible to infection,especially the detection of diarrhea infection in infants<3 years old should be paid attention to.In addition,the incidence of RV is obviously seasonal,with a high incidence in winter,but the number of cases in previous years has shown a downward trend year by year since 2017,which may be related to the promotion of vaccines and the occurrence of the novel coronavirus epidemic.