全球数字服务贸易网络对国际创新活动的影响——基于增加值贸易的视角

The Impact of Global Digital Service Trade Network on International Innovation Activities——Based on the Perspective of Value Added Trade

近年来,数字服务贸易的迅速发展为全球经济带来了新的发展契机,也注入了新的创新活力。本文结合双边出口增加值核算与社会网络分析法,利用WIOD数据和USPTO数据库的国际专利数据,将全球数字服务贸易网络解构为国内增加值网络和国外增加值网络,分析了不同增加值网络的结构特征,检验了全球数字服务贸易网络对国际创新活动的影响。研究发现:(1)中国在全球数字服务贸易网络中的PageRank中心度攀升趋势明显,但对比美国尚有差距;(2)全球数字服务贸易网络显著促进了国际创新活动,且其创新促进效应因行业、互联网发展水平的不同而呈现一定的差异性;(3)研发要素跨境流动、贸易规模以及外商直接投资是全球数字服务贸易网络影响国际创新活动的重要渠道。同时,全球数字服务贸易网络的创新促进效应仅体现在制度环境水平高的国家。本研究为中国充分利用贸易网络枢纽地位优势,提升国家创新能力,实施创新驱动发展战略提供了有益启示。

In recent years,the rapid development of digital service trade has brought new development opportunities to the global economy and injected new vitality of innovation.Through the combination of the value-added decomposition method in bilateral exports and the method of social network analysis,this paper reconstructs the global digital services trade network into domestic value-added networks and foreign value-added networks by using the WIOD data and the international patent data of USPTO database.This paper analyzes the structural characteristics of different value-added networks,and empirically examines the impact of the global digital services trade network on international innovation activities.The results show that:(1)China's PageRank centrality in the global digital service trade network has an obvious upward trend,but there is still lower than that of the United States;(2)The global digital service trade network significantly promotes international innovation activities,and the effect varies in industries and Internet development levels;(3)The cross-border flow of R&D elements,trade scale and foreign direct investment are important channels for the global digital service trade network that influence international innovation activities.At the same time,the innovation promotion effect of the global digital service trade network is only pronounced in countries with a high level of institutional environment.This study provides useful enlightenment for China to improve its national innovation capacity and implement the innovation-driven development strategy by making full use of its position as a hub of trade network.