重大突发公共卫生事件国际争端概念的重构

The Reconstruction of the Concept of the Major Public Health Emergency International Dispute

重大突发公共卫生事件国际争端严重影响着国际卫生合作的效能,其基本概念亟需厘清,为后疫情时代国际卫生立法提供理论基础。由于国际卫生法律博弈日趋频繁激烈,应当重新审视国际争端的传统观点,重点考察争端主客体范围、争端分类标准、争端特征新发展等问题,形成有利于维护国家利益和人民健康权益的新理论。在此基础上重构重大突发公共卫生事件国际争端的概念,将争端主体界定为国际组织、国家、自然人、法人及非法人组织,争端客体包括《世界卫生组织组织法》和《国际卫生条例》框架下的法律权利和/或政治利益冲突。作为“新兴的国际争端”,其具有起因的复杂性、导致后果的严重性、涉及较强的科学性及争端解决的“弱法律性”等特征。

The Major Public Health Emergency International Dispute profoundly impact the effectiveness of international health co-operation,and the basic concept urgently needs to be clarified to provide a theoretical basis for international health legislation in the post-pandemic era.Due to the increasingly frequent and intense competition in international health laws,it is necessary to re-examine the traditional views of international disputes,focusing on examining the scope of dispute subjects and objects,dispute classification standards,and new developments in dispute characteristics,in order to form a new theory that is conducive to safe-guarding national interests and people's health rights.On this basis,the concept of the Major Public Health Emergency Interna-tional Dispute should be reconstructed accordingly.The subjects of the Dispute are defined as international organizations,coun-tries,natural persons,legal persons,and unincorporated organizations.And the objects of the Dispute include the conflicts of le-gal rights and/or political interests under the framework of the Constitution of the World Health Organization International Health Regulations.As a kind of'newly emerging international dispute',the Dispute has the characteristics of complex causes,serious consequences,strong scientific involvement and‘weak legality'of dispute settlement.