团队计酬式传销非犯罪化研究

A Study of Decriminalization of the Multi-Level Marketing

司法解释性文件对“单纯的‘团队计酬’式传销活动”“形式上采取‘团队计酬’,实质上按照人员数量计酬或返利的传销活动”“骗取财物”等涵摄偏误及其物化的实务认定,造成团队计酬除罪乏力。团队计酬形式上不符合组织、领导传销活动罪的构成要件,实质上没有侵犯《刑法》规定本罪所保护的个人财产法益、作为溯源性超个人法益的市场经济秩序以及作为独立性超个人法益的社会公共秩序。为实现团队计酬的彻底非罪化,应调整司法解释性文件,使之与《刑法》规定相一致,设置向金字塔骗局转化的裁量型因素;立法上可考虑对情节轻微的转化型传销犯罪作行政处罚前置处理;政策上可充分适用商业模式专项合规处理团队计酬及其转化型传销犯罪。

The Instrument of Judicial Explanation has distorted the reading of ‘pure MLM’,MLM in formality but actually pyra-mid scheme based upon the numbers of the recruited',and defrauding property'.Also due to interests orientation of enforcement and justice agencies,the MLM has been criminalized frequently in criminal justice.The MLM does not meet the constituent ele-ments of the crime of and leading pyramid schemes,and in essence does not infringe upon the legal interests of personal property protected by this crime under the Criminal Law,the market economic order as a traceable supra-personal legal interest,and the social public order as an independent supra-personal legal interest.In order to decriminalize the MLM,it is necessary to adjust judicial explanation to conform to the regulation of criminal law.Certain discretionary factors shall be established to identify the transformation to pyramid scheme.Administrative punishment shall be applied before penalizing the transformation of the MLM in-to pyramid selling crime with minor circumstances in legislation.In terms of criminal policy,the special compliance of business models can be applied for the MLM and its transformational pyramid scheme crimes.