2020-2022年上饶市铅山县食源性疾病主动监测病原学及流行病学特征分析

Analysis of Etiology and Epidemiological Characteristics of Active Surveillance of Foodborne Diseases in Yanshan County of Shangrao City from 2020 to 2022

目的分析2020-2022年上饶市铅山县食源性疾病主动监测病原学及流行病学特征。方法选取2020年1月-2022年6月上饶市铅山县食源性疾病主动监测的90例患者为研究对象,分析病原学检测结果,并从临床基础资料(年龄、性别、时间、人群分布、临床症状、进食场所)方面总结流行病学特征。结果90例患者共分离出21株病原菌,检出率为23.33%,其中诺如病毒检出率最高,占比10.00%;病原菌在全年均可检出,且部分病原菌具有季节特点,不同季度沙门氏菌、诺如病毒检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同季度其他病原菌检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);≤5岁年龄段中诺如病毒检出率最高,30~39岁年龄段中沙门氏菌检出率最高(P<0.05),而不同年龄段志贺氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、致泻大肠埃希菌检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同性别占比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而家庭进食占比高于饭店、单位食堂、其他(P<0.05),且腹泻、发热症状发生率均高于呕吐(P<0.05);人群分布以学生为主,占比61.11%(55/90),其次依次离职人员、家务及待业者、其他、农民。结论上饶市铅山县食源性疾病病原菌以诺如病毒和沙门氏菌为主,≤5岁和30~39岁年龄段致病菌检出率最高,并且具有一定的流行季节、典型症状(腹泻、发热)、主要进食场所和人群。对此,相关部门因有针对性采取食源性疾病防控措施,以切实预防食源性疾病发生。

Objective To analyze the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of active surveillance of foodborne diseases in Yanshan County of Shangrao City from 2020 to 2022.Methods A total of 90 patients who were actively monitored for foodborne diseases in Yanshan County,Shangrao City from January 2020 to June 2022 were selected as the research objects.The results of pathogenic detection were analyzed,and the epidemiological characteristics were summarized from the aspects of clinical basic data(age,gender,time,population distribution,clinical symptoms,eating place).Results A total of 21 strains were isolated from 90 patients,the detection rate was 23.33%,among which Norovirus was the highest(10.00%).Pathogenic bacteria could be detected all year round,and some of them had obvious seasonal characteristics,There were significant differences in the detection rates of Salmonella and Norovirus in different quarters(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the detection rate of other pathogens in different quarters(P>0.05).The detection rate of norovirus was the highest in the age group of≤5 years old,and the detection rate of salmonella was the highest in the age group of 30-39 years old(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the detection rates of Shigella,Vibrio parahaemolyticus and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among different age groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the proportion of different genders(P>0.05),while the proportion of family eating was higher than that of hotels,canteens and others(P<0.05),and the incidence of diarrhea and fever was higher than that of vomiting(P<0.05).The population distribution was dominated by students,accounting for 61.11%(55/90),followed by resignations,housework and unemployed,others,and farmers.Conclusion Norovirus and Salmonella are the main pathogens of foodborne diseases in Yanshan County,Shangrao City.The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria is the highest in the age group of≤5 years old and 30-39 years old,and it has certain epidemic seasons,typical symptoms(diarrhea,fever),main eating places and population.In this regard,relevant departments have taken targeted measures to prevent and control foodborne diseases,in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of foodborne diseases.