跨越企业数据财产权的藩篱:数据访问权

Crossing the Barriers of Enterprise Data Property Rights:Data Access Rights

是否赋予企业数据财产权是当前学术界热议的焦点之一。既有的研究多是建立在企业数据权益保护的基础上讨论数据赋权,忽略了数据的价值主要应体现为流通、使用价值。数据唯有不断流通、使用,才能实现价值增值。是否赋予企业数据财产权应取决于数据流通、使用的需要。即便如此,数据的“公地悲剧”和“反公地悲剧”之争使得数据赋权再次陷入两难。破局的关键就在于透过数据开发、保护与数据流通的问题表象,追问二者对经济社会发展的贡献程度。据此,当务之急应该消除数据流通障碍,促进数据访问,实现数据价值最大化。然而尽管现行法下,数据访问路径众多,但各有缺陷,无法满足经济社会发展对数据大规模流通的需求。应当构建数据访问权制度,打破企业对数据的绝对支配,消除数据流通障碍,最大限度地促进数据流通。这不仅可以与财产权制度相协调,而且还能兼顾企业数据权益保护。

Whether to grant enterprises with data property rights is one of the focus of the current academic debate.Most of the existing studies focus on data empowerment,which is based on the protection of enterprise data rights and interests,but ignore that the value of data should be mainly reflected in the circulation and using.Only by continuously circulating and using,can data realize its increasing value.Whether to grant data property rights to enterprises depends on the needs of data sharing and using.Even so,the argument between the Tragedy of the Commons and the Tragedy of the Anti-commons makes data empowerment once again fall in a dilemma.The key to break the trap lies in questioning closely the contribution of both of them to economic and social development through the problem representations,such as data development,data protection and data circulation.Therefore,it is urgent to remove the barriers to data sharing,promote data access,and maximize the value of data.However,although there are many data access paths under the current law,each has its own defects and cannot meet the needs of economic and social development for large-scale data circulation.A system of data access rights should be established,so as to break the absolute control of enterprises over data,eliminate obstacles to data circulation,and maximize the promotion of data circulation.This can not only be coordinated with the property rights system,but also take into account the protection of enterprise data rights.