2021年新疆某燃煤发电企业职业病危害因素调查与健康风险评估

Investigation on occupational hazard factors and assessment of health risk in a coal-fired power plant in Xinjiang,2021

目的了解新疆某燃煤发电企业存在的职业病危害因素现状,为制定职业病防控措施提供依据。方法调查新疆某燃煤发电企业的主要职业病危害因素、暴露情况以及职业病防护措施,并进行现场采样,以新加坡半定量风险评估模型(singapore ministry of manpower risk model,MOM)对其粉尘、化学毒物及物理因素的暴露水平进行职业健康风险评估。结果企业矽尘中的总粉尘(简称总尘)和呼吸性粉尘(简称呼尘)合格率分别为44.4%和33.3%,除灰除渣系统的噪声合格率为85.7%,锅炉、汽机系统的高温合格率为60.0%;其他化学毒物均符合国家职业卫生标准。防尘毒、防噪声、防暑降温等职业病危害防护措施以及个体防护用品的配备也基本到位。职业健康风险评估结果显示,除灰除渣系统的个体矽尘为“高风险”,其他粉尘及化学有害因素均为“低风险”;二氧化氮(NO2)的风险等级可忽略。结论煤尘、矽尘、噪声、高温是该燃煤发电企业主要的职业病危害因素,尤其是个体矽尘仍存在较高的职业健康风险。建议进一步加强职业卫生监督管理,采取严格的职业病防控措施,切实做好个体防护,保证劳动者权益。

Objective To understand the current situation of occupational hazard factors in a coal-fired power plant in Xinjiang,and provide basis for formulating the measures of prevention and control of occupational diseases.Methods The main occupational hazard factors,exposure conditions and occupational prevention measures were investigated in a coal-fired power plant in Xinjiang.After on-site sampling,the health risk of dust exposure levels,chemical poison and physical factors were assessed by the singapore ministry of manpower risk model(MOM).Results The qualified rate of total dust and breathable dust in the silicon dusts was 44.4%and 33.3%,respectively in the enterprise.The qualified rate of noise was 85.7%in the ash and slag removal system,and the qualified rate of high temperature was 60.0%in the boiler and turbine system.Other chemical poison met the national occupational health standards.The occupational disease prevention measures of anti-dust and poison,anti-noise,heatstroke prevention,and personal protective equipment were basically in places.The results of occupational health risk assessment showed"high risk"in the ash and slag removal system.Other dust and chemical harmful factors were at"low risk",and the risk level of nitroge dioxide(NO,)could be ignored.Conclusions Coal dust,silica dust,noise and high temperature are the main occupational hazards in the coal-fired power generation enterprise,and especially the individual silica dust is stil the highly occupational health risk factor.It is suggested to further strengthen occupational health supervision and management,take strict measures of occupational disease prevention and control,effectively do the individual protection well,and ensure the rights and interests of workers.