儒教建构与儒家的现代适应性路向

The Construction of Confucianism and the Modern Adaptation of Confucianism

现代中国塑造着现代儒家。作为超级完备性学说的古典儒家理论,在俗世、信念、信仰领域发挥着混生的作用。在社会秩序的建构上,古代儒家与古代社会的互适性毋庸置疑。在现代社会中,儒家丧失了这种与社会互适的处境。超级完备性学说的儒家需要打散结构、分散功能,是适应一个价值、知识和秩序均已多元化的社会机制。在心灵(神性)秩序的建构上,儒家转向儒教;在社会秩序上,儒家转向了哲学;在义利关系上,儒家转向了伦理学。古代儒家勿需这种分流即可整合社会秩序、德性秩序与心灵(神性)秩序;在现代处境中,儒家的三种转向努力均有收效、均受考验。其中尤应注意的是,儒家尝试成为规范意义上的宗教,必须经历一个艰苦的建构过程。如果在儒家既有机制中尝试完成心灵(神性)秩序的建构任务,可以在道德与宗教之间或宗教与宗教性之间确定现实路向。试图将儒家建构成为严格意义上的宗教,儒家必须要有突破性的举措方才可能。

Modern China shapes modern Confucianism.As a doctrine of super-completeness,classical Confucianism plays a hybrid role in the realm of the mundane,beliefs,and faith.In the construction of the social order,there is no doubt about the mutual adaptability of ancient Confucianism and ancient society.In modern society,Confucianism has lost this situation of mutual adaptation with society.The need to break up the structure and decentralize the functions of the super-completeness doctrine of Confucianism is an adaptation to a social mechanism in which values,knowledge,and order have all been diversified.In the construction of the spiritual(divine)order,Confucian school turned to Confucianism.In the social order,Confucianism turned to philosophy.In the relationship between righteousness and profit,Confucianism turned to ethics.Ancient Confucianism did not need this diversion to integrate the social order,the moral order,and the spiritual order.In the modern situation,Confucianism's efforts in all three directions have been effective and tested.Particularly,it should be noted that Confucianism's attempt to become a religion in the normative sense must undergo an arduous process of construction.If one attempts to accomplish the task of constructing a spiritual order within the established mechanisms of Confucianism,one can determine the realistic path between morality and religion,or between religion and religiosity.To attempt to construct Confucianism as a religion in the strict sense of the word,Confucians must make a breakthrough.