唐天宝年间的北疆边防与边地经营

Border Defense and Frontier Management in the Northern Frontier during Tianbao Period oftheTangDynasty

在唐朝与漠北游牧政权的较量中,漠南地区具有重要的战略地位。在消灭后突厥的过程中,唐朝的势力逐渐向北扩展,并在天宝四载(745)后突厥覆灭后控制了整个漠南地区。为了适应新的北疆形势,唐朝开始将边防线向北扩展,大同军、清塞守捉、蔚州州治先后北移,云州、蔚州成为唐朝在河东新的边防前沿。在朔方,唐朝先后设置振武军、横塞军、天德军,确立起对阴山南北的控制,突破了此前以黄河沿岸为防守重点的军事格局。后突厥灭亡后,为了维持漠北草原的均势,唐朝大力扶持葛逻禄等部落与回纥对抗,并成功地阻止了回纥势力的西进。

The Monan(漠南)region consistently held crucial strategic significance when the Tang Dy-nasty and nomadic regimes confronted in the Mobei(漠北).As the war against the Second Turkic Khaga-nate,the Tang forces marched northward,and controlled over the Monan region after the fall of the Second Turkic Khaganate in the fourth year of the Tianbao.In order to adapt to the new situation in the northern frontier,the Tang government began extending defensive line northward.The garrisons of Datong(大同),Qingsai(清塞),and the administrative center of Yuzhou(蔚州)were successively relocated northward.Moreover,Yunzhou(云州)and Yuzhou were regarded as the new frontier outposts in Hedong region.In the Shuofang(朔方)region,the Tang Dynasty established administrative divisions including the Zhenwu Jun(振武军),Hengsai Jun(横塞军),and Tiande Jun(天德军)to control over the northern and southern re-gions of the Yinshan Mountains instead of defending along the Yellow River.At the same time,the Tang Dy-nasty actively supported tribes like Geluolu(葛逻禄)in their resistance against the Uighurs for maintaining power balance in the northern grasslands after the fall of the Second Turkic Khaganate,and successfully pre-vented westward expansion of Uighurs.