论亲密伴侣暴力事件的干预与监管

New Approaches to Policing High-Risk Intimate Partner Victims and Offenders

据统计,美国每年发生约69.1万起亲密伴侣间的非致命暴力事件和千余起致命的暴力事件。从20世纪80年代开始,律师、法律学者和执法机构采取了大量应对措施来干预和监管亲密伴侣之间的暴力事件,不少执法机构也采用结构化风险评估方法来确定受害者未来是否有继续遭受暴力的危险。目前在美国被广泛采用的亲密伴侣暴力风险评估模型有以受害者为中心的模型和以犯罪者为中心的模型两类,前者包括致命性评估计划和家庭暴力高风险工作小组模型。对上述评估模型和干预措施的有效性的研究发现,干预措施对受害者有一定的积极作用,但具体的结论还有待更深入的研究。

According to statistics,approximately 691,000 nonfatal intimate partner violence(IPV)victimizations and more than 1,000 fatal IPV victimizations occurred annually in the United States.Beginning in the 1980s,advocates,legal scholars and law enforcement agencies have taken numerous response measures t to intervene and police IPV,and many law enforcement agencies have adopted a structured risk assessment to determine if a victim is in danger of future violence.Currently,two types of IPV risk assessment models are used in the United States:the victim-focused model and the offender-focused model.The former includes the Lethality Assessment Program and the Domestic Violence High-Risk Team model,while the latter is a risk assessment method based on the focused deterrence model.Many scholars have conducted various studies on the effectiveness of these IPV interventions,and found that the interventions may have a certain positive effect on victims,but more rigorous research is needed to draw to the exact conclusion.