浅议拉丁美洲科技创新脆弱性的三大成因

A Brief Discussion on the Three Major Causes of the Vulnerability of Scientific and Technological Innovation in Latin American Countries

拉丁美洲国家的科技创新体系缘何长期处于脆弱性状态?按照萨瓦托三角和“国家创新体系”模式所构建的框架,拉丁美洲国家科技创新体系中的三大行为体,即政府、企业(或生产结构)和科学技术基础设施本身科技创新能力不足,它们之间亦缺乏必要的联动关系,因而拉美科技创新体系长期处于一种低质量发展的碎片化的脆弱状态。这种脆弱性最深层原因植根于拉美历史上形成的以“依附”“失衡”和“惰性”为特征的发展结构与模式中,即经济上的长期依附状态形成科技创新领域的依附与外围化;知识和科技创新领域长期的失衡发展模式导致创新的不平等和不平衡分配;经济、社会结构等传统领域长期的固化状态造成知识结构的惰性特征,因此,不改变目前的经济和知识发展结构与模式,拉美很难形成高质量发展的有机科技创新体系。

Why are the Science,Technology and Innovation Systems in Latin American countries in a vulnerable state for a long time?Based on the framework of Sábato Triangle model and the national innovation system,the three main actors in the STI systems,namely the government,private(national) enterprises(or production structures) and the science and technology infrastructure,are under-developed and lack of interactions among one another,which leads to the science,technology and innovation system trapped in a fragile and fragmented state with low quality development for a long time.The causes of this vulnerability are rooted in the historical development patterns and systems in Latin America which are characterized by “dependence”,“imbalance” and “inertia”,that is,the long-term economic dependency leads to dependence and “periphery paradox” in STI;the long-standing imbalanced development model in knowledge and STI leads to unequal distribution of innovation;and inertia in traditional areas such as economic and social structures leads to inertia in knowledge structures,so it is difficult for LA to form an organic and high-quality STI system.