边民“国民化”:现代边境建构的题中之义

“Nationalization” of Border Residents:The Consistent Proposition of Modern Border Construction

边境具有突出的建构性特征,在国家发展的不同阶段,边境构造及功能呈现出显著差异。近代中国开始从天下国家向主权国家转型,以空间领土化、政治一体化为内涵的边境建构随之开启。中华人民共和国成立以后,从根本上解决了有边无界、有边无防和政权不到边的问题,异质性的边境形态得到彻底改造。在这个过程中,过去长期游离于国家统治和管理之外的边民,逐渐从各种地域性、依附性和孤立性的关系中解放出来,转变成为国家的国民。今天中国的国家发展已步入新的历史阶段,对边境“再建构”提出了更高要求,边民的国民化问题也由此再次凸显,并集中体现在边民权益和国民义务的平衡、“边民意识”的重塑与强化、边民“个性”与国民“共性”的统合、无国籍人口的国民化、边民国民化的区域性差异等议题。

Borders have prominent structural characteristics.At different stages of national development,border structures and functions show significant differences.In modern times,China began to transform from a world country to a sovereign state,and the construction of borders with spatial territorialization and political integration as its connotations began.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,the problems of borders without boundaries,borders without defense,and political power cannot extend borders were fundamentally solved,and the heterogeneous border form was thoroughly transformed.In this process,the border residents,who had long been free from the rule and administration of the state,were gradually liberated from various regional,dependent,and isolated relations and transformed into nationals of the state.Currently,China's national development has entered a new historical stage,placing higher demands on the “reconstruction” of the borders,and thus the nationalization of the border people is again highlighted,which is reflected in several issues such as the balance between border residents' rights and the national obligations,the reshaping and strengthening of “the sense of border residents”,the integration of the “individuality” of border residents and the “commonality”of the nationals,the nationalization of stateless population,and the regional differences in the nationalization of border residents.