基于YOLO v7-ST模型的小麦籽粒计数方法研究

Wheat Grain Counting Method Based on YOLO v7-ST Model

针对小麦考种过程中籽粒堆积、粘连和遮挡现象导致计数准确率低等问题,本文基于电磁振动原理设计了高通量小麦籽粒振动分离装置,通过分析受力探讨了籽粒离散分离程度的主要影响因素,并引入二阶离散系数建立了籽粒离散度等级评价方法。在此基础上,引入Swin Transformer模块构建YOLO v7-ST模型,对不同离散度等级下小麦籽粒进行计数性能测试。试验结果表明,YOLO v7-ST模型在3种离散度等级下平均计数准确率、F1值和平均计数时间的总平均值分别为99.16%、93%和1.19 s,相较于YOLO v7、YOLO v5和Faster R-CNN模型,平均计数准确率分别提高1.03、2.34、15.44个百分点,模型综合评价指标F1值分别提高2、3、16个百分点,平均计数时间较YOLO v5和Faster R-CNN分别减少0.41 s和0.36 s,仅比YOLO v7模型增大0.09 s。因此,YOLO v7-ST模型可实现多种离散度等级下不同程度籽粒遮挡和粘连问题的准确快速检测,大幅提高小麦考种效率。

Aiming at the problems of low counting accuracy due to seed accumulation,sticking and shading phenomena in the wheat seed testing process,a high-throughput wheat seed vibration separation device was designed based on the principle of electromagnetic vibration.The main influencing factors of the degree of seed dispersion and separation were discussed by analyzing the forces,and the second order dispersion coefficient was introduced to establish the seed dispersion grade evaluation method.On this basis,the YOLO v7-ST model was then built by using the Swin Transformer module and was tested for counting performance under different discrete degree levels.The experimental results showed that the mean counting accuracy,F1 value and mean counting time of the YOLO v7-ST model were 99.16%,93%and 1.19s under the three dispersion levels,respectively.Compared with that of the YOLO v7,YOLO v5 and Faster R-CNN models,the mean counting accuracy was improved by 1.03 percentage points,2.34 percentage points and 15.44 percentage points,respectively,and the F1 values of the comprehensive evaluation index of the model was increased by 2 percentage points,3 percentage points and 16 percentage points,respectively.The mean counting time was decreased by 0.41s and 0.36s compared with that of YOLO v5 and Faster R-CNN,respectively,and it was only 0.09s slower than that of the YOLO v7 model.Overall,the YOLO v7-ST model provided accurate and efficient detection of grains under various discrete degree levels,significantly improved the efficiency of wheat breeding.