2018—2022年合肥市蚊虫监测分析

Mosquito surveillance in Hefei City from 2018 to 2022

目的了解和掌握合肥市蚊虫种类、密度、年度消长趋势和季节消长情况,为蚊虫及蚊媒传染病的防控提供科学参考。方法使用Excel 2016软件描述性统计分析2018—2022年合肥市成蚊监测数据和传染病报告信息管理系统中本地感染蚊媒传染病病例数据。结果2018—2022年合肥市国家级蚊虫监测点平均蚊密度为5.01只/(灯·夜),蚊密度总体呈下降趋势。淡色/致倦库蚊为优势蚊种,占捕获总数的72.80%(59.80%~83.70%)。5类生境中,牲畜棚蚊密度最高,达11.85只/(灯·夜);农户次之,为7.21只/(灯·夜)。不同蚊种和不同生境的蚊密度均呈现以夏季为高峰的单峰曲线。5年内,仅发生3例本地感染蚊媒传染病,均为乙脑。结论合肥市蚊密度总体呈现下降趋势,优势蚊种为淡色/致倦库蚊;农村地区,特别是牲畜棚是防治的重点区域和重点场所。

Objective To understand the species composition,density of mosquitoes,interannual and seasonal trends of mosquitoes in Hefei,and to provide scientific reference for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne infectious diseases.Methods Excel 2016 software was used to analyze the data of adult mosquito surveillance and the local mosquito-borne infectious diseases in Hefei from 2018 to 2022.Results The average density of national mosquito monitoring sites in Hefei from 2018 to 2022 was 5.01 mosquitoes/(lamp·night),and mosquito density showed a decreasing trend;Culex pipiens pallens/Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus were the dominant species in Hefei,accounting for 72.80%(59.80%-83.70%).Among the five habitats,the density of mosquitoes in livestock sheds was the highest,as much as 11.85 mosquitoes/(lamp·night),followed by farmer houses,7.21 mosquitoes/(lamp·night).The mosquito densities of different species and habitats showed a unimodal curve with a peak in summer.There were only 3 local mosquito-borne infections,all epidemic encephalitis B.Conclusion The mosquito density showed a decreasing trend in Hefei City from 2018 to 2022,and Culex pipiens pallens/Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was the dominant species.Rural areas,especially livestock sheds,were key areas and place for prevention and control.