MOFs材料吸附分离无机阴离子的进展及展望

Progress and prospects of adsorption and separation of inorganic anions by metal-organic frameworks

金属有机骨架材料(Metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)是一种新型的周期性网络多孔晶体材料,它具有比表面积大,孔径大小可调控、稳定性高、结构高度有序等优点.MOFs材料的特殊(饱和或不饱和)金属位点和多孔性使其具有良好的吸附能力和催化活性,在典型无机阴离子型污染物(F^(-),Cl^(-),I^(-),AsO_(4)^(3-),CrO_(4)^(2-)等)的吸附方面有着明显的优势.本文介绍了MOFs材料的分类及其制备方法,并从简单阴离子型污染物和含氧酸根阴离子型污染物两方面详述了MOFs材料吸附分离无机阴离子型污染物的研究进展;介绍了MOFs材料在吸附分离无机阴离子型污染物方面的循环利用性;综述了MOFs材料吸附分离无机阴离子型污染物的吸附机理.从MOFs材料的水稳定性、经济成本和合成方法等方面,指出优化MOFs材料结构、提高MOFs材料经济性、发展简单绿色的工业化生产流程是未来的研究方向.

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are new types of porous crystal materials with periodic network. MOFs exhibit large specific surface area, adjustable pore size, high stability, and highly ordered structures. Moreover, MOFs have special metal sites(i.e., saturated or unsaturated) and pores that endow them with good adsorption capacity and catalytic activity. Hence, they are beneficial for use in the adsorption of typical inorganic anionic contaminants(e.g., F^(-), Cl^(-), I^(-), AsO_(4)^(3-), CrO_(4)^(2-), et al). This paper introduces the classification and preparation methods of MOF materials and comprehensively describes the research progress of the adsorption and separation of inorganic anionic pollutants—specifically simple anionic pollutants and oxygenated anionic pollutants—using MOFs. Furthermore, the recycling properties of MOF materials in the adsorption and separation of inorganic anionic pollutants are discussed, and the adsorption mechanism of these pollutants on MOFs is reviewed. An optimization direction is proposed considering the water stability, economic cost, and synthesis of MOF materials. In particular, optimizing MOF structures, improving the economy of MOF materials, and developing simple and green industrial production processes for MOFs are future research directions.