3D打印技术在岩石力学试验中的应用与展望

Application and prospect of 3D printing technology in rock mechanics test

非连续、非均质性岩石试样加工和复杂岩体物理模型成型技术一定程度上影响着岩石力学试验的发展,3D打印技术具备几何适应性好、可个性化定制、天然模型还原度高、离散性小、高效便捷等优势,能克服传统制样方法的诸多不足。通过介绍目前岩石力学试验中常用的3D打印技术和打印原料,从岩石裂纹扩展和破裂机制、岩体剪切和渗流特性、岩体物理模型试验及岩土交叉学科研究等方面较为系统地阐述了3D打印技术在岩石力学试验中的发展现状,重点分析了当下3D打印技术的局限性及亟待解决的问题,认为3D打印技术在模型尺度、打印精度、成型速度之间的协调性还需进一步提升,多出料口多材料协同连续打印技术亟待突破,打印模型还原度和相似度定量评价问题尚待解决,打印模型的后处理和养护有待标准化和规范化。最后,着眼于复杂岩体物理模型试验、岩石尺寸效应、各向异性和岩土交叉学科等岩石力学研究的热点和难点问题,对3D打印技术在岩石力学领域的应用进行了展望。

The processing of discontinuous and heterogeneous rock samples,as well as the production of complex rock mass physical models,affect the development of rock mechanics test to a certain extent.Due to the advantages of good geometric adaptability,joints can be customized,natural model with high reduction degree,small discreteness,efficient and convenience,3D printing technology can be used to overcome many shortcomings of traditional sample preparation methods.In this work,3D printing technology and printing materials commonly used in rock mechanics test are introduced.The development status of 3D printing technology in rock mechanics test is systematically expounded from the aspects of rock crack propagation and fracture mechanism,rock mass shear and seepage characteristics,rock mass physical model test and geotechnical interdisciplinary research.At the same time,the limitations and the problems of current 3D printing technology are analyzed.It is concluded that the coordination of 3D printing technology among model scale,printing accuracy and forming speed needs to be further improved.The collaborative continuous printing technology with multiple outlets and multiple materials needs to be broken through And the quantitative evaluation of print model reduction and similarity also needs to be solved.Besides,the post⁃processing and maintenance of print models need to be standardized and standardized.Finally,the application of 3D printing technology in the field of rock mechanics is prospected with the hot and difficult issues in the research of rock mechanics,such as physical model test of complex rock mass,rock size effect,anisotropy and geotechnical interdisciplinary.