论《金瓶梅》的历史书写

On the Historical Writing and Historical View of Jin Ping Mei

《金瓶梅》从日常生活切入历史书写,使历史呈现“碎片化”的特征,如编年时间的月、日化,历史事件或人物的谈资化、条目化,它们散漫分布于日常生活叙事中,成为世俗故事世界的一部分。在此世俗生活场域,虚构的市井人物与历史人物相互往来,造成虚实杂糅;而小说家笔下的宋史世界,又常常出现明代历史人物的姓名或典章制度,这种怪诞形象,彰显出小说历史书写的现实指向和寓言意味。《金瓶梅》从日常生活视角表现历史人物和社会认知的叙述方式,透露出基于人性理解的道德史观,同时,借历史人物的日常生活探询家国兴亡之理的创作思路,也透露出小说家历史价值观的变化。

Jin Ping Mei is written history by means of recording daily life,which makes the“history”into“pieces”,for example,the chronological time is marked by month or day and historical events or characters,scattered in the daily life narrative and become a part of the secular story world,become the content of daily conversation or are itemized.In the set secular world,fictional local figures and historical characters interact with each other,creating an artistic fact by blending virtual and real elements.The names of characters or regulations in the Ming Dynasty often appear in the novel about“Song History”.This“grotesque”image shows the realistic direction and“fable”meaning of historical writing in novels.From the perspective of daily life,Jin Ping Mei shows the narrative way of historical figures and social cognition,revealing the moral historical view based on human understanding.At the same time,it also reveals the changes of the novelist's historical values by exploring the“reason”of the rise and fall of the country through the daily life of historical figures.